Description
Background. Chronic renal failure is characterized by progressive renal scarring and accelerated cardiovascular disease. In animal models, this is thought to be due to non-dialyzable uremic toxins small, protein-bound molecules normally secreted via Organic Anion Transporters (OATs) in the proximal renal tubule,rather than filtered at the glomerulus. The best studied of these is indoxyl sulfate (IS).