Description
In vitro prediction of developmental toxicity during early discovery phases of drug development has the potential to guide decision-making toward prioritizing candidate drugs that are less likely to later show teratogenicity in vivo. Such screening would reduce animal use in preclinical studies, including full-scale regulatory reproductive toxicology. we evaluate an assay format based on short-term toxicogenomic responses in pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESC). We exposed attached undifferentiated cells of the mouse ESC cell line R1 for 6h to 10 known teratogenic and 9 non-teratogenic pharmaceutical drugs .