Ebf genes regulate differentiation of several cell type. Ebf2 is expressed in Schwann cells and Ebf2-/- mice show among other phenotypical abnormalities a delay in the onset of myelination associated to a decreased expression of genes regulating myelination. In addition at one month of age Ebf2-/- mice show decreased motor conduction velocity and morphological alteration in sciatic nerves. Ebf2 target genes are unknown. To identify Ebf2 target genes with a role in myelination, we compared the expression profiles of sciatic nerves isolated from P2 Wt and Ebf2-/- mice by microarray analysis.
The Transcription Factors EBF1 and EBF2 Are Positive Regulators of Myelination in Schwann Cells.
Age, Specimen part
View SamplesDirect cell reprogramming has enabled the direct conversion of skin fibroblasts into functional neurons and oligodendrocytes using a minimal set of cell lineage-specific transcription factors. This approach has substantial advantages since it is rapid and simple, generating the cell type of interest in a single step. However, it remains unknown whether this technology can be applied for directly reprogramming skin cells into astrocytes, the third neural lineage. Astrocytes play crucial roles in neuronal homeostasis and their dysfunctions contribute to the origin and progression of multiple human diseases. Herein, we carried out a screening using several transcription factors involved in defining the astroglial cell fate and identified NFIA, NFIB and SOX9 to be sufficient to convert with high efficiency embryonic and post-natal mouse fibroblasts into astrocytes (iAstrocytes). We proved both by gene expression profiling and functional tests that iAstrocytes are comparable to native brain astrocytes. This protocol can be then employed to generate functional iAstrocytes for a wide range of experimental applications.
Direct conversion of fibroblasts into functional astrocytes by defined transcription factors.
Specimen part
View SamplesWe isolated the meristematic and elongation zones of Col-0, upb1-1 mutant and 35S::UPB1-3YFP/upb1-1 plants by micro-dissection and extracted RNA from each section independently.
Transcriptional regulation of ROS controls transition from proliferation to differentiation in the root.
Age, Specimen part
View SamplesTransplantation of GABAergic interneurons (INs) can sustain long-standing benefits in animal models of epilepsy and other neurological disorders. In a therapeutic perspective, a renewable source of functional GABAergic INs is needed. Here, we identified five factors (Foxg1, Sox2, Ascl1, Dlx5 and Lhx6) able to convert fibroblasts directly into induced GABAergic INs (iGABA-INs), displaying the molecular signature of telencephalic INs. The selected factors recapitulate in fibroblasts the activation of transcriptional networks required for the specification of GABAergic fate during telencephalon development. iGABA-INs exhibited progressively maturing firing patterns comparable to those of cortical INs, had synaptic currents and released GABA. Importantly, upon grafting in the hippocampus, iGABA-INs survived, matured and their optogenetic stimulation triggered GABAergic transmission and inhibited the activity of connected granule cells. The five factors also converted human cells into functional GABAergic neurons. These properties define iGABA-INs as a promising tool for disease modeling and cell-based therapeutic approaches. Overall design: Comparison of iGABA-INs transcriptional profile with those of starting fibroblasts and GAD67-GFP+ cortical interneurons.
Rapid Conversion of Fibroblasts into Functional Forebrain GABAergic Interneurons by Direct Genetic Reprogramming.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
The bHLH transcription factor POPEYE regulates response to iron deficiency in Arabidopsis roots.
Age, Specimen part
View SamplesTranscriptional profile of whole roots of wild-type and pye-1 mutants exposed to 24 hours -Fe were generated
The bHLH transcription factor POPEYE regulates response to iron deficiency in Arabidopsis roots.
Age, Specimen part
View SamplesUnderstanding how the expression of transcription factor (TF) genes is modulated is essential for reconstructing gene regulatory networks. There is increasing evidence that sequences other than upstream noncoding can contribute to modulating gene expression, but how frequently they do so remains unclear. Here, we investigated the regulation of TFs expressed in a tissue-enriched manner in Arabidopsis roots. For 61 TFs, we created GFP reporter constructs driven by each TF's upstream noncoding sequence (including the 5'UTR) fused to the GFP reporter gene alone or together with the TF's coding sequence. We compared the visually detectable GFP patterns with endogenous mRNA expression patterns, as defined by a genome-wide microarray root expression map.
Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of transcription factor expression in Arabidopsis roots.
Age, Specimen part
View SamplesPericycle specific transcriptional profiles were generated by FACS (Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting) of roots that express a pericycle-specific GFP-reporter. FACS cell populations were isolated from roots grown under standard conditions or roots that had been transferred to -Fe media for 24 hours.
The bHLH transcription factor POPEYE regulates response to iron deficiency in Arabidopsis roots.
Age, Specimen part
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Cell identity regulators link development and stress responses in the Arabidopsis root.
Age, Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesThe Oscillation Zone (OZ) of unsynchronized roots was disected and divided into an upper (OZ2) and lower (OZ1) half .
Oscillating gene expression determines competence for periodic Arabidopsis root branching.
Age, Specimen part
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