We introduce an in vivo imaging approach that allows us to temporally and spatially resolve the evolution of iNOS and Arginase-positive phagocyte phenotypes in a murine MS model. We show that the polarization of individual phagocytes is established after CNS entry, is dependent on the CNS compartment and can be adapted as inflammatory lesions move from expansion to resolution. Our study thus provides a first real-time analysis of phagocyte specification in the intact CNS. Overall design: Cells were isolated from the Blood and CNS of Arginase-YFP X iNOS-Tomato-Cre mice at clinical onset of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. CD11b_high, CD45_low microglia cells and CD45_positive, CD115_positive, Ly6c_high monocytes were FACS sorted respectively. Total RNA was extracted from the separated populations.
Mononuclear phagocytes locally specify and adapt their phenotype in a multiple sclerosis model.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
PGC-1α, a potential therapeutic target for early intervention in Parkinson's disease.
Sex, Age, Specimen part, Disease
View SamplesGenome-wide transcriptome analysis of expression changes in Globus Pallidus interna (GPi) from Parkinson's disease brain tissue versus control brain tissue.
PGC-1α, a potential therapeutic target for early intervention in Parkinson's disease.
Sex, Specimen part, Disease, Disease stage
View SamplesGenome-wide transcriptome analysis of expression changes in laser-dissected SNpc neurons from Parkinson's disease brain tissue versus control brain tissue.
PGC-1α, a potential therapeutic target for early intervention in Parkinson's disease.
Specimen part, Disease, Disease stage
View SamplesSystematic meta-analysis and replication of genome-wide expression studies identifies molecular pathways of Parkinson's disease.
PGC-1α, a potential therapeutic target for early intervention in Parkinson's disease.
Age, Specimen part, Disease
View SamplesGenome-wide transcriptome analysis of expression changes in EBV transformed cell lines from the Coriell Cell Repository in Parkinson and Control subjects.
PGC-1α, a potential therapeutic target for early intervention in Parkinson's disease.
Sex, Disease, Disease stage
View SamplesSystematic meta-analysis and replication of genome-wide expression studies identifies molecular pathways of Parkinson's disease.
PGC-1α, a potential therapeutic target for early intervention in Parkinson's disease.
Sex, Age, Specimen part, Disease
View SamplesAnalysis of substantia nigra from postmortem brains of 4 patients with Parkinsons disease (PD). Results provide insight into the molecular processes perturbed in the PD substantia nigra.
PGC-1α, a potential therapeutic target for early intervention in Parkinson's disease.
Sex, Age, Specimen part, Disease
View SamplesThe premature aging disorder Werner Syndrome (WS) is characterized by early onset of aging phenotypes resembling natural aging. In most WS patients there are mutations in the DNA helicase WRN, an enzyme important in maintaining genome stability and telomere replication. Interestingly, its clinical manifestations reflect a severe degree of deterioration for connective tissue, whereas the central nervous system is less affected. We suggest that the varied vulnerability to aging is regulated by an unknown mechanism that protects specific lineages of stem cells from premature senescence. To address this problem, we reprogrammed patient skin fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). The expression profile for the differentiated normal and WS fibroblasts and undifferentiated iPSC were compared. A distinct expression profile was found between normal and WS fibroblasts, however, few changes of gene expression were found in iPSC. Our findings suggest an erasure of aging phenotype associated with WS in reprogrammed iPSC.
Telomerase protects werner syndrome lineage-specific stem cells from premature aging.
Sex, Age, Specimen part
View SamplesThe objective of this study was to understand the genetic mechanisms of Vitamin-A-Deficiency (VAD)-induced arrest of spermatogonial stem-cell differentiation. Vitamin A and its derivatives (the retinoids) participate in many physiological processes including vision, cellular differentiation and reproduction. VAD affects spermatogenesis, the subject of our present study. Spermatogenesis is a highly regulated process of differentiation and complex morphologic alterations that, in the postnatal testis, leads to the formation of sperm in the seminiferous epithelium. VAD causes early cessation of spermatogenesis, characterized by degeneration of meiotic germ cells, leading to seminiferous tubules containing mostly type A spermatogonia and Sertoli cells. In this study, we investigated the molecular basis of VAD on spermatogenesis in mice. We used adult Balb/C mice fed with a Control or VAD diet for an extended period of time (8-28 weeks) and selected two time points (18 and 25 weeks) for microarray analysis.
Long-term vitamin A deficiency induces alteration of adult mouse spermatogenesis and spermatogonial differentiation: direct effect on spermatogonial gene expression and indirect effects via somatic cells.
Specimen part, Treatment
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