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GSE75531
Homo sapiens
12 Downloadable Samples
Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 ST Array (hugene10st)
Description
Due to the urgent need of new targeting strategies in PCa, AR interacting proteins should be considered. In this study we aimed to test the effect of a long-term knockdown of NCOA1, an AR coactivator, in PCa progression and metastatogenesis and whether NCOA1 could be used as a possible therapeutic target. To test the consequences of NCOA1 knockdown on proliferation, we performed by 3H thymidine incorporation assays revealing a strong reduction in castration resistant MDA PCa 2b and androgen-dependent LNCaP cells, without affecting AR negative PC3 cells. Furthermore, Boyden chamber assays revealed a strong decrease in migration and invasion upon NCOA1 knockdown. Using a cDNA microarray, we identified protein kinase D1 (PRKD1) as one prominent upregulated gene in MDA PCa 2b, which was not seen in PC3 cells. Knockdown of PRKD1 clearly reverted the reduced migratory potential. Moreover, we found phospholipase A2, group7 (PLA2G7) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A2 (EIF5A2), which might be involved in migration of PC3 cells. Further, we can clearly demonstrate that PRKD1 is negatively regulated by the AR/NCOA1 complex. In addition, immunhistochemical staining revealed a strong increase in NCOA1 expression in matched and unmatched patients samples, respectively between normal prostate and primary tumor. Regarding the PRKD1 staining, no final conclusion can be drawn in terms of a tumor suppressor function. Thus, our findings directly associate NCOA1/AR complex with PRKD1 regulation and further suggest NCOA1 as a potential therapeutic target also due to the effect on PC3 cell migration.
Publication Title
The AR/NCOA1 axis regulates prostate cancer migration by involvement of PRKD1.
Sample Metadata Fields
Cell line
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 24 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix HT HG-U133+ PM Array Plate (hthgu133pluspm)
Description
Prostate cancer (PCa) development and progression are associated with chronic inflammation. The cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 can influence progression, differentiation, survival, and angiogenesis of PCa. To identify novel pathways that are triggered by IL-6, we performed a gene expression profiling of two PCa cell lines, LNCaP and MDA PCa 2b, under treatment with 5 ng/ml IL-6. Interferon regulatory factor (IRF)9 was identified as one of the most prevalent IL-6 regulated genes in both cell lines. IRF9 is a mediator of type I interferon signaling and acts together with signal transduction and activator of transcription (STAT)1 and 2 to activate transcription of interferon responsive genes. The IL-6 regulation of IRF9 was confirmed at mRNA and protein levels by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively, in both cell lines and could be blocked by the anti-IL-6 antibody Siltuximab. Three PCa cell lines with an autocrine IL-6 loop, PC3, DU145, and LNCaP-IL-6+, showed a high expression of IRF9. A tissue microarray with 36 malignant and adjacent 36 benign areas from prostate cancer specimens showed that IRF9 protein expression is moderately elevated in malignant areas and positively correlates with the tissue expression of IL-6. Downregulation and overexpression of IRF9 provided evidence for an interferon-independent role of IRF9 on cellular proliferation of different PCa cell lines. Furthermore, expression of IRF9 was essential to mediate the antiproliferative effects of IFN-2. We concluded that IL-6 is an inducer of IRF9 expression in prostate cancer and a sensitizer for the antiproliferative effects of IFN2.
Publication Title
IL6 sensitizes prostate cancer to the antiproliferative effect of IFNα2 through IRF9.
Sample Metadata Fields
Cell line, Treatment
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 28 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 ST Array (hugene10st)
Description
Deregulation of cytokine- and growth factor signaling due to altered expression of endogenous regulators is well recognized in prostate and other cancers. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) is a key regulator of growth hormone, IGF and prolactin signaling, that have been implicated in carcinogenesis. In this study we elucidate expression pattern and functional significance of SOCS2 in prostate cancer (PCa). Protein expression analysis employing tissue microarrays from two independent patient cohorts revealed significantly enhanced expression in tumor compared to benign tissue as well as association with Gleason score and disease progression. In vitro and in vivo assays uncovered the involvement of SOCS2 in the regulation of cell growth and apoptosis. Functionally, SOCS2 knockdown inhibited prostate cancer cell proliferation and xenograft growth in a CAM assay. Decreased cell growth after SOCS2 downregulation was associated with cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. In addition, we prove for the first time that SOCS2 expression is significantly elevated upon androgenic stimulation in androgen receptor-positive cell lines, providing a possible mechanistic explanation for high SOCS2 levels in PCa tissue. Consequently, SOCS2 expression correlated with androgen receptor expression in malignant tissue of patients. Taken together, our study linked increased SOCS2 expression in PCa with a pro-proliferative role in vitro and in vivo.
Publication Title
SOCS2 correlates with malignancy and exerts growth-promoting effects in prostate cancer.
Sample Metadata Fields
Treatment, Time
View Samples- Gallus gallus
- 1 Downloadable Sample
Illumina HiSeq 2000
Description
Marek’s disease virus 1 (MDV-1), an oncogenic -herpesvirus that induces T-cell lymphomas in chickens, serves as model system to study transformation by lymphotropic herpesviruses. Like the oncogenic human -herpesviruses Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), MDV-1 encodes several viral microRNAs (miRNAs). One MDV-1 miRNA, miR-M4, shares the same “seed” targeting sequence with both a KSHV miRNA, miR-K11, and cellular miR-155. Importantly, miR-M4 plays a critical role in T-cell transformation by MDV-1, while miR-K11 and cellular miR-155 are thought to play key roles in B-cell transformation by KSHV and EBV, respectively. Here, we present an analysis of the mRNAs targeted by viral miRNAs expressed in the chicken T-cell line MSB1, which is naturally coinfected with MDV-1 and the related nonpathogenic virus MDV-2. Our analysis identified>1,000 endogenous mRNAs targeted by miRNAs encoded by each virus, many of which are targeted by both MDV-1 and MDV-2 miRNAs. We present a functional analysis of an MDV-1 gene, RLORF8, targeted by four MDV-1 miRNAs and a cellular gene, encoding interleukin-18 (IL-18) and targeted by both MDV-1 and MDV-2 miRNAs, and show that ectopic expression of either protein in a form resistant to miRNA inhibition results in inhibition of cell proliferation. Finally, we present a restricted list of 9 genes targeted by not only MDV-1 miR-M4 but also KSHV miR-K11 and human miR-155. Given the critical role played by miR-155 seed family members in lymphomagenesis in humans and chickens, these mRNA targets may contain genes whose inhibition plays a conserved role in herpesvirus transformation. Overall design: PAR-CLIP experiment of MSB1 cells
Publication Title
Analysis of the mRNA targetome of microRNAs expressed by Marek's disease virus.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View Samples- Arabidopsis thaliana
- 44 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Arabidopsis ATH1 Genome Array (ath1121501)
Description
Plants exhibit a robust transcriptional response to gamma radiation which includes the induction of transcripts required for homologous recombination and the suppression of transcripts that promote cell cycle progression. Various DNA damaging agents induce different spectra of DNA damage as well as collateral damage to other cellular components and therefore are not expected to provoke identical responses by the cell.
Publication Title
High atomic weight, high-energy radiation (HZE) induces transcriptional responses shared with conventional stresses in addition to a core "DSB" response specific to clastogenic treatments.
Sample Metadata Fields
Age, Time
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 6 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina HiSeq 2500
Description
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly disease and a major health problem in the United States. While the cytokine TGF-ß has been implicated in PDAC development, it can exert bot pro- and anti-tumorigenic effects that are highly context dependent and incompletely understood. To better characterize the responses of neoplastic pancreas cells to TGF-ß, three-dimensional (3D) cultures of KrasG12D-expressing mouse pancreatic epithelial cells were employed. While active exposure to exogenous TGF-ß caused the KrasG12D cells to growth arrest, its subsequent removal allowed the cells to enter a hyper-proliferative, quasi-mesenchymal (QM) and progenitor-like state. This transition was highly stable and maintained by autocrine TGF-ß signaling. Transient pulses of TGF-ß have been observed during pancreatitis, a major risk factor for PDAC, and may therefore serve to convert pre-existing KrasG12D-expressing cells into QM cells. While untreated KrasG12D cells formed simple cysts in vivo, QM cells formed ductal structures resembling human PanINs. Furthermore, markers of the QM state are expressed in human PDAC and are associated with worse outcomes. These data suggest that the QM state plays a role in PDAC development and may selectively contribute to more aggressive PDAC subtypes. This work therefore provides novel molecular insights into both PDAC development and the complex role of TGF-ß in tumorigenesis. Overall design: Three technical replicates per experimental group from one isolate were analyzed by RNA sequencing
Publication Title
Pre-neoplastic pancreas cells enter a partially mesenchymal state following transient TGF-β exposure.
Sample Metadata Fields
Subject
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 18 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina Sentrix 6 Mouse V1.1 BeadChip
Description
In this study we used microarrays to examine relative genes expression within the aorta of ApoE-/- infused with angiotensin II in relation to aneurysm formation. Infusion of angiotensin II induces aortic dilatation particularly of the suprarenal aorta in ApoE-/- mice. Based on studies carried out in our and other laboratories the response to angiotensin II is variable, with some mice developing large aneurysms but other animals appearing resistant to aneurysm formation with aortic diameters similar to that of saline controls. We compared RNA expression from whole aortas of 17 week old male ApoE-/- mice exposed to angiotensin II (1.44 g/kg/min) for 4 weeks where there was clear evidence of aortic aneurysm formation (n=5) with that of mice failing to develop aneurysms (n=7) and those exposed to saline infusion (n=6). AAA was defined as diameter of suprarenal aorta greated than 1.5mm measured on photographs of aortas at necroscopy.
Publication Title
Whole genome expression analysis within the angiotensin II-apolipoprotein E deficient mouse model of abdominal aortic aneurysm.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 12 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array (mouse4302)
Description
TBR-760 (formerly BIM-23A760) is a chimeric dopamine (DA)-somatostatin (SST) compound with potent agonist activity at both DA type 2 (D2R) and SST type 2 (SSTR2) receptors. Non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) express both D2R and SSTR2 and, consequently, may respond to TBR-760. We utilized a mouse model with the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene knocked-out that spontaneously develops aggressive NFPAs. Both genomic microarray and DA and SST receptor mRNA expression analysis indicate that POMC KO mouse tumors and human NFPAs have similar expression profiles, establishing POMC KO mice as a valid model for study of NFPAs. Treatment with TBR-760 for 8 weeks resulted in nearly complete inhibition of established tumor growth, whereas tumors from vehicle-treated mice increased in size by 890 ± 0.7%. These results support the development of TBR-760 as a therapy for patients with NFPA.
Publication Title
TBR-760, a Dopamine-Somatostatin Compound, Arrests Growth of Aggressive Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas in Mice.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 8 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array (mouse4302)
Description
We have previously found that overexpression of CHF1/Hey2 in the myocardium prevents the development of phenylephrine-induced hypertrophy. To determine the role of CHF1/Hey2 in pressure overload hypertrophy, we performed ascending aortic banding on wild type and transgenic mice overexpressing CHF1/Hey2 in the myocardium. We found that both wild type and transgenic mice developed increased ventricular weight to body weight ratios one week after aortic banding. Wild type mice also developed decreased fractional shortening after one week when compared to preoperative echocardiograms and sham operated controls. Transgenic mice, in comparison, demonstrated preserved fractional shortening. Histological examination of explanted heart tissue demonstrated extensive fibrosis in wild type hearts, but minimal fibrosis in transgenic hearts. TUNEL staining demonstrated increased apoptosis in the wild type hearts but not in the transgenic hearts. Exposure of cultured neonatal myocytes from wild type and transgenic animals to hydrogen peroxide, a potent inducer of apoptosis, demonstrated increased apoptosis in the wild type cells. Gene Set Analysis of microarray data from wild type and transgenic hearts one week after banding revealed suppression and activation of multiple pathways involving apoptosis, cell signaling and biosynthesis. These findings demonstrate that CHF1/Hey2 promotes physiological over pathological hypertrophy in pressure overload through suppression of apoptosis and global regulation of multiple transcriptional pathways.
Publication Title
CHF1/Hey2 promotes physiological hypertrophy in response to pressure overload through selective repression and activation of specific transcriptional pathways.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 6 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430A 2.0 Array (mouse430a2)
Description
The infant leukemia-associated gene, Ott1(Rbm15), has broad regulatory effects within the murine hematopoiesis. However, germline Ott1 deletion results in fetal demise prior to E10.5, indicating additional developmental requirements for Ott1. The spen gene family, to which Ott1 belongs, has a transcriptional activation/repression domain and RNA recognition motifs, and in Drosophila has a significant role in the development of the head and thorax. Early Ott1-deficient embryos show growth retardation and incomplete closure of the notochord. Further analysis demonstrated placental defects in the spongiotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast layers, resulting in an arrest of vascular branching morphogenesis. Rescue of the placental defect using a conditional allele with a trophoblast-sparing cre transgene allowed embryos to form a normal placenta and survive gestation. This result shows that the process of vascular branching morphogenesis in Ott1-deficient animals is regulated by the trophoblast compartment rather than the fetal vasculature. Mice surviving to term manifested hyposplenia and abnormal cardiac development. Analysis of global gene expression of Ott1-deficient embryonic hearts shows enrichment of hypoxia-related genes and significant alteration of several candidate genes critical for cardiac development. Thus, Ott1-dependent pathways in addition to being implicated in leukemogenesis, may also be important in the pathogenesis of placental insufficiency and cardiac malformations.
Publication Title
Ott1 (Rbm15) is essential for placental vascular branching morphogenesis and embryonic development of the heart and spleen.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
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