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GSE8978
Rattus norvegicus
69 Downloadable Samples
Affymetrix Rat Genome 230 2.0 Array (rat2302)
Description
Mammalian spermatogenesis is a complex biological process that occurs within a highly organized tissue, the seminiferous epithelium. The coordinated maturation of spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids suggests the existence of precise programs of gene expression in these cells as well as in their neighboring somatic Sertoli cells. The objective of this study was to elucidate genes encoding the proteins that execute these programs. Rat seminiferous tubules at stages I, II-III, IV-V, VI, VIIa,b, VIIc,d, VIII, IX-XI, XII, XIII-XIV of the cycle were isolated by microdissection and Sertoli cells, spermatogonia plus early spermatocytes, pachytene spermatocytes and spermatids were purified from enzymatically-dispersed testes. Microarray analysis using Rat Genome 230 2.0 arrays identified a total of 16,971 probe sets that recognized transcripts. A comparison with the transcriptome of other tissues identified 398 testis-specific probe sets, which therefore are potential targets for the development of new contraceptives. Sequential waves of cell and stage-specific gene expression are associated with progression of germ cells through the stages of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and 1612 probe sets recognized transcripts whose expressions varied at least 4-fold across the stages of the cycle. Pathway analyses reveal that entire biological processes are regulated cyclically in testicular cells. Important among these are cell cycle and DNA repair. Thus, stage-specific gene expression is a widespread and fundamental characteristic of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.
Publication Title
Stage-specific gene expression is a fundamental characteristic of rat spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 41 Downloadable Samples
Illumina HiSeq 2500
Description
We analyzed the transcriptome of the C57BL/6J mouse hypothalamus, hippocampus, neocortex, and cerebellum to determine estrous cycle-specific changes in these four brain regions. We found almost 16,000 genes are present in one or more of the brain areas but only 210 genes, ~1.3%, are significantly changed as a result of the estrous cycle. The hippocampus has the largest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (82), followed by the neocortex (76), hypothalamus (63), and cerebellum (26). Most of these DEGs (186/210) are differentially expressed in only one of the four brain regions. A key finding is the unique expression pattern of growth hormone (Gh) and prolactin (Prl). Gh and Prl are the only DEGs to be expressed during only one stage of the estrous cycle (metestrus). To gain insight into the function of the DEGs, we examined gene ontology and phenotype enrichment and found significant enrichment for genes associated with myelination, hormone stimulus, and abnormal hormone levels. Additionally, 61 of the 210 DEGs are known to change in response to estrogen in the brain. 50 genes differentially expressed as a result of the estrous cycle are related to myelin and oligodendrocytes and 12 of the 63 DEGs in the hypothalamus are oligodendrocyte- and myelin-specific genes. This transcriptomic analysis reveals that gene expression in the female mouse brain is remarkably stable during the estrous cycle and demonstrates that the genes that do fluctuate are functionally related. Overall design: Hypothalamus, hippocampus, neocortex, and cerebellum mRNA from adult female C57BL/6J (B6) mice were analyzed by RNA sequencing of 3 biological replicates for each of the 4 stages of the estrous cycle using an Illumina HiSeq 2500
Publication Title
The stability of the transcriptome during the estrous cycle in four regions of the mouse brain.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Age, Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 72 Downloadable Samples
- IlluminaHiSeq2500
Description
The developmental transition to motherhood requires gene expression changes that alter the brain to prepare and drive the female to perform maternal behaviors. Furthermore, it is expected that the many physiological changes accompanying pregnancy and postpartum stages will impact brain gene expression patterns. To understand how extensive these gene expression changes are, we examined the global transcriptional response broadly, by examining four different brain regions: hypothalamus, hippocampus, neocortex, and cerebellum. Further, to understand the time course of these changes we performed RNA-sequencing analyses on mRNA derived from virgin females, two pregnancy time points and three postpartum time points. We find that each brain region and time point shows a unique molecular signature, with only 49 genes differentially expressed in all four regions, across the time points. Additionally, several genes previously implicated in underlying postpartum depression change expression. This study serves as a comprehensive atlas of gene expression changes in the maternal brain in the cerebellum, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and neocortex. At each of the time points analyzed, all four brain regions show extensive changes, suggesting that pregnancy, parturition, and postpartum maternal experience substantially impacts diverse brain regions. Overall design: Libraries were prepared from three independent biological replicates, mRNA for each biological replicate was derived from a single mouse brain, with each mouse brain being used to collect all four brain regions.
Publication Title
An Examination of Dynamic Gene Expression Changes in the Mouse Brain During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 6 Downloadable Samples
Description
RNA polymerase III (Pol III) is an essential enzyme responsible for the synthesis of several small non-coding RNAs, a number of which are involved in mRNA translation. Recessive mutations in POLR3A, encoding the largest subunit of Pol III, cause POLR3-related hypomyelinating leukodystrophy (POLR3-HLD), characterized by deficient central nervous system myelination. Identification of the downstream effectors of pathogenic POLR3A mutations has been so far elusive. Here, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to introduce the POLR3A mutation c.2554A>G (p.M852V) into human cell lines and assessed its impact on Pol III biogenesis, nuclear import, DNA occupancy, transcription, and protein levels. Transcriptomic profiling uncovered a subset of transcripts vulnerable to Pol III hypofunction, including a global reduction in tRNA levels. The brain cytoplasmic BC200 RNA (BCYRN1), involved in translation regulation, was consistently affected in all our cellular models, including patient-derived fibroblasts. Genomic BC200 deletion in an oligodendroglial cell line led to major transcriptomic and proteomic changes, having a larger impact than those of POLR3A mutations. Upon differentiation, mRNA levels of the MBP gene, encoding myelin basic protein, were significantly decreased in POLR3A-mutant cells. Our findings provide the first evidence for impaired Pol III transcription in cellular models of POLR3-HLD and identify several candidate effectors, including BC200 RNA, having a potential role in oligodendrocyte biology and involvement in the disease. Overall design: Gene expression profiling of Pol III transcripts in control and POLR3A-mutated cell lines (HEK293 and MO3.13) using RNA-seq and small RNA-seq; ChIP-seq of FLAG-tagged POLR3A-WT and mutated POLR3A-M852V
Publication Title
Leukodystrophy-associated <i>POLR3A</i> mutations down-regulate the RNA polymerase III transcript and important regulatory RNA <i>BC200</i>.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 16 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina HiSeq 4000
Description
NK cell development, maturation, and activation by cytokines is driven by alterations in gene expression mediated by activation and repression or transcriptional programs. In particular, we have extensively studied the role of STAT3 in human NK cells. This was based in part on a method we developed for in vitro expansion of large numbers of highly active NK cells using a genetically-modified feeder cell expressing 4-1BBL and membrane-bound IL-21. To dissect the various gene expression profiles induced by IL-21 from the various other signals received from the feeder cell, we purified peripheral NK cells from 4 healthy subjects (naïve, N), expanded NK cells for 14 days using CSTX002 feeder cells (expanded, E), and extracted RNA from the cells without (Neg) or after (Pos) the cells were activated with IL-21. We then performed RNA sequencing on each sample. Overall design: NK cells were purified from buffy coats obtained from 4 normal healthy blood-bank donors using RosetteSep NK for negative depletion of other cell subsets. NK cells were expanded by weekly stimulation with irradiated CSTX002 feeder cells. Naïve or expanded NK cells were stimulated for 30 minutes with 20 ng/ml recombinant human IL-21. Total RNA was prepared using the Total RNA Purification Plus Kit (Norgen Biotek, Ontario, ON, Canada). Libraries were prepared using the TruSeq RNA Sample Preparation Kit (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA). 60–80 million paired-end 150 bp sequence reads per library were generated using the Illumina HiSeq4000 platform.
Publication Title
Efficient and Robust NK-Cell Transduction With Baboon Envelope Pseudotyped Lentivector.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Disease, Treatment, Subject
View Samples- Xenopus laevis
- 9 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Xenopus laevis Genome Array (xenopuslaevis)
Description
Identification of genes enriched in the presumptive primary mouth. Dissected tissues from the primary mouth anlage and two other anterior regions for comparison, the anterior dorsal and ventral plus cement gland.
Publication Title
The Wnt antagonists Frzb-1 and Crescent locally regulate basement membrane dissolution in the developing primary mouth.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 10 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 ST Array (hugene10st)
Description
Overarching aim is to achieve a greater understanding of the control of progenitor cells within the adult human retina within the normal and diseased retinal microenvironment. Specifically we will assess via our experimental designs: (i) the control of CD133+ retinal cell populations that display mitotic potential and differentiation and
Publication Title
CD133+ adult human retinal cells remain undifferentiated in Leukaemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF).
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Xenopus laevis
- 6 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Xenopus laevis Genome Array (xenopuslaevis)
Description
The transcription factors Mixer and Sox17beta have well characterized roles in endoderm specification during Xenopus embryogenesis. In order to more thoroughly understand the mechanisms by which these endodermal regulators act, we expressed Mixer and Sox17beta in nave ectodermal tissue and, using oligonucleotide-based microarrays, compared their genomic transcriptional profile to that of unaffected tissue. Using this novel approach, we identified 71 transcripts that are upregulated by Mixer or Sox17beta, 63 of which have previously uncharacterized roles in endoderm development. Furthermore, an in situ hybridization screen using antisense probes for several of these clones identified six targets of Mixer and/or Sox17beta that are expressed in the endoderm during gastrula stages, providing new and regional markers of the endoderm. Our results contribute further insight into the functions of Mixer and Sox17beta and bring us closer to understanding at the molecular level the pathways that regulate endoderm development.
Publication Title
Genomic profiling of mixer and Sox17beta targets during Xenopus endoderm development.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 24 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina HiSeq 2500
Description
Conversion of fibroblasts to functional cardiomyocytes represents a potential approach for restoring cardiac function following myocardial injury, but the technique thus far has been slow and inefficient. To improve the efficiency of reprogramming fibroblasts to cardiac-like myocytes (iCMs) by cardiac transcription factors (Gata4, Hand2, Mef2c, and Tbx5=GHMT), we screened 192 protein kinases and discovered that Akt/protein kinase B dramatically accelerates and amplifies this process. Approximately 50% of reprogrammed fibroblasts displayed spontaneous beating after three weeks of induction by Akt plus GHMT. Furthermore, addition of Akt1 to GHMT evoked a more mature cardiac phenotype for iCMs, as seen by enhanced polynucleation, cellular hypertrophy, gene expression, and metabolic reprogramming. Igf1 and Pi3 kinase acted upstream of Akt, whereas mTORC1 and Foxo3a acted downstream of Akt to influence fibroblast-to-cardiomyocyte reprogramming. These findings provide new insights into the molecular basis of cardiac reprogramming and represent an important step toward further application of this technique. Overall design: We performed RNA-Seq using either isolated adult mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes (CMs) or MEFs treated for three weeks with empty vector, GHMT (iCMs cell sorted using aMHC-GFP before RNA-Seq), or AGHMT (iCMs cell sorted using aMHC-GFP before RNA-Seq).
Publication Title
Akt1/protein kinase B enhances transcriptional reprogramming of fibroblasts to functional cardiomyocytes.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 8 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina MouseRef-8 v2.0 expression beadchip
Description
Identify genes like Ifit1 which are induced in L929 cells but not L929 cells expressing ectopic IRF8
Publication Title
Interferon Regulatory Factor 8 (IRF8) Impairs Induction of Interferon Induced with Tetratricopeptide Repeat Motif (IFIT) Gene Family Members.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
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