As regulators of protein degradation, proteasomes regulate practically all cellular functions. It is therefore logical to assume that replacement of the constitutive proteasome (CP) by its IFN- inducible homolog immunoproteasome (IP) could have far reaching effects on cell function. Accordingly, recent studies have revealed important roles for IPs in immune cells beyond MHC I-peptide processing. Moreover, the expression of IPs in non-immune cells from non-inflamed tissues suggests that the involvement of IPs is not limited to the immune system. We demonstrate here that IP-deficiency affects the transcription of 8104 genes in maturing dendritic cells (DCs). This occurs mainly through non-redundant regulation of key immune-related transcription factors by CPs and IPs. Additionally, IP-deficiency decreases DC''s efficiency to activate CD8+ T cells in vivo. Our study reveals that the broad cellular roles of IPs could rely on transcription regulation and, more importantly, illustrates how IP-deficiency could generate MHC I-peptide processing-independent phenotypes. Overall design: Examination of the transcriptome of WT and immunoproteasome-deficient cells at 4 different time points of dendritic cell maturation, in 4 experimental replicates (total of 32 samples).
Immunoproteasomes shape the transcriptome and regulate the function of dendritic cells.
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View SamplesThe goal of this analysis was to investigate the targets of the influenza A host shutoff ribonuclease PA-X. We profiled the relative levels of cellular RNAs in cells infected with influenza A virus (A/PuertoRico/8/1934 H1N1) comparing wild-type and mutants that make reduced levels of PA-X and/or make a truncated and inactive PA-X. We also profiled relative RNA levels in cells overexpressing wild-type PA-X or a catalytically inactive mutant (D108A). Overall design: for extopic expression, PA-X (from the A/PuertoRico/8/1934 H1N1 (PR8) strain) was expressed in A549 cells using a doxycyline-inducible transgene for 18 hrs; for infection, A549 cells were infected with the wild-type PR8 strain or mutant strain that carried mutations that reduce PA-X production or activity for 15 hrs. rRNA deplete RNA was subjected to high-throughput sequencing
The Influenza A Virus Endoribonuclease PA-X Usurps Host mRNA Processing Machinery to Limit Host Gene Expression.
Treatment, Subject
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Bromodomain-dependent stage-specific male genome programming by Brdt.
Specimen part
View SamplesMale germ cell differentiation is a highly regulated multistep process initiated by the commitment of progenitor cells into meiosis and characterized by major chromatin reorganizations in haploid spermatids. We report here that a single member of the double bromodomain BET factors, Brdt, is a master regulator of both meiotic divisions and post-meiotic genome repackaging. Upon its activation at the onset of meiosis, Brdt drives and determines the developmental timing of a testis-specific gene expression program. In meiotic cells, Brdt initiates a genuine histone acetylation-guided programming of the genome by activating essential meiotic genes and repressing a progenitor cells gene expression program, while priming a post-meiotic gene group for further activation. At post-meiotic stages, a global chromatin hyperacetylation gives the signal for Brdts first bromodomain to direct the genome-wide replacement of histones by transition proteins. Brdt is therefore a unique and essential regulator of male germ cell differentiation, which, by using various domains in a developmentally controlled manner, first drives a specific spermatogenic gene expression program, and later controls the tight packaging of the male genome.
Bromodomain-dependent stage-specific male genome programming by Brdt.
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View SamplesCorrelates of immune mediated protection to most viral and cancer vaccines are still unknown. This impedes the development of novel vaccines to incurable diseases such as HIV and cancer. In this study, we have used functional genomics and polychromatic flow cytometry to define the signature of the immune response to the yellow fever (YF) vaccine 17D (YF17D) in a cohort of forty volunteers followed for up to one year after vaccination. We show that immunization with YF17D leads to an integrated immune response that includes several effector arms of innate immunity including complement, the inflammasome and interferons, as well as adaptive immunity as shown by an early T cell response followed by a brisk and variable B cell response. Development of these responses is preceded, as demonstrated in three independent vaccination trials and in a novel in vitro system of primary immune responses (Modular IMmune In vitro Construct (MIMIC) system), by the coordinated up-regulation of transcripts for specific transcription factors including STAT1, IRF7 and ETS2 that are upstream of the different effector arms of the immune response. These results clearly show that the immune response to a strong vaccine is preceded by coordinated induction of masters transcription factors, that lead to the development of a broad, polyfunctional and persistent immune response that integrates all effector cells of the immune system.
Yellow fever vaccine induces integrated multilineage and polyfunctional immune responses.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesClassical CD16- versus intermediate/non-classical CD16+ monocytes differ in their homing potential and immunological functions; but whether they differentiate into dendritic cells (DC) with distinct contributions to immunity against bacterial/viral pathogens remains poorly investigated. Here, we employed a systems biology approach to identify differences between CD16+ and CD16- monocyte-derived DC (MDDC) with potential clinical relevance
CD16<sup>+</sup> monocytes give rise to CD103<sup>+</sup>RALDH2<sup>+</sup>TCF4<sup>+</sup> dendritic cells with unique transcriptional and immunological features.
Subject
View SamplesPurpose:To systematically assess the differences between high-throughput single-cell and single-nuclei RNA-seq approaches, we compared Drop-seq and DroNc-seq, two microfluidic-based 3' RNA capture technologies that profile total cellular and nuclear RNA, respectively, during a time course experiment of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) differentiating into cardiomyocytes Conclusions: Clustering of time-series transcriptomes from Drop-seq and DroNc-seq revealed six distinct cell types, five of which were found in both techniques. Furthermore, single-cell trajectories reconstructed from both techniques reproduced expected differentiation dynamics. Overall design: Drop-seq and DroNc-seq each on 2 hiPSC cell lines differentiating into cardiomyocytes across 5 time points. DroNc-seq on post-mortem primary heart tissue.
Systematic Comparison of High-throughput Single-Cell and Single-Nucleus Transcriptomes during Cardiomyocyte Differentiation.
Specimen part, Disease, Subject, Time
View SamplesRNA libraries from immunoprecipitates of Tdrd1, Ziwi and Zili, total testis RNA, total RNA from 3 week old wild-type and tdrd1 mutant gonads. Overall design: Both size selected and non-size selected libraries were made. Sequencing was performed using Illumina platform.
Tdrd1 acts as a molecular scaffold for Piwi proteins and piRNA targets in zebrafish.
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View SamplesRoberts syndrome (RBS) is a human developmental disorder caused by mutations in the cohesin acetyltransferase ESCO2. We previously reported that mTORC1 was inhibited and overall translation was reduced in RBS cells. Treatment of RBS cells with L-leucine partially rescued mTOR function and protein synthesis, correlating with increased cell division. In this study, we use RBS as a model for mTOR inhibition and analyze transcription and translation with ribosome profiling to determine genome-wide effects of L-leucine. The translational efficiency of many genes is increased with Lleucine in RBS cells including genes involved in ribosome biogenesis, translation, and mitochondrial function. snoRNAs are strongly upregulated in RBS cells, but decreased with L-leucine. Imprinted genes, including H19 and GTL2, are differentially expressed in RBS cells consistent with contribution to mTORC1 control. This study reveals dramatic effects of L-leucine stimulation of mTORC1 and supports that ESCO2 function is required for normal gene expression and translation. Overall design: 42 samples of human fibroblast cell lines with various genotypes (wt, corrected, and esco2 mutants) are treated with l-leucine or d-leucine (control) for 3 or 24 hours. Biological replicates are present.
Improved transcription and translation with L-leucine stimulation of mTORC1 in Roberts syndrome.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesRNA expression was measured by RNA-seq in Drosophila ML-DmBG3-c2 cells depleted for proteins involved in sister chromatid cohesion, and in developing third instar wing discs with or withough brca2 gene mutations Overall design: RNA expression in depleted cells was compared to mock treated cells and RNA expression in wing discs from brca2 mutant Drosophila was compared to expression in wing discs without brca2 mutations This series includes mock RNAi treated samples re-used from GSE100547.
Brca2, Pds5 and Wapl differentially control cohesin chromosome association and function.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
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