Solid cancers develop within a supportive microenvironment that promotes tumor formation and continued growth through the elaboration of mitogens and chemokines. Within these tumors, monocytes (macrophages and microglia) represent rich sources of these stromal factors. Leveraging a genetically-engineered mouse model of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) low-grade brain tumor (optic glioma), previous studies have demonstrated that microglia are important for glioma formation and maintenance. To identify the tumor-associated microglial factors that support glioma growth (gliomagens), we employed a comprehensive large scale discovery effort using optimized advanced RNA-sequencing methods. Candidate gliomagens were prioritized to identify potential secreted or membrane-bound proteins, which were next validated by quantitative RT-PCR and RNA FISH following minocycline-mediated microglial inactivation in vivo. Using these selection criteria, Ccl5 was identified as a highly expressed chemokine in both genetically engineered Nf1 mouse and human optic gliomas. As a candidate gliomagen, recombinant Ccl5 increased Nf1-deficient optic nerve astrocyte growth in vitro. Importantly, consistent with its critical role in maintaining tumor growth, Ccl5 inhibition with neutralizing antibodies reduced Nf1 mouse optic glioma growth in vivo. Collectively, these findings establish Ccl5 as critical stromal growth factor in low-grade glioma maintenance relevant to future microglia-targeted therapies for brain tumors. Overall design: Nf1 optic glioma associated microglia from mice were flow sorted. Upregulated genes of glioma associated microglia were verified and further examined.
RNA Sequencing of Tumor-Associated Microglia Reveals Ccl5 as a Stromal Chemokine Critical for Neurofibromatosis-1 Glioma Growth.
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Active STAT5 regulates T-bet and eomesodermin expression in CD8 T cells and imprints a T-bet-dependent Tc1 program with repressed IL-6/TGF-β1 signaling.
Specimen part
View SamplesTranscriptome analyses of naive, effector and memory CD8 TCRP1A lymphocytes expressing or not an active form of the transcription factor Stat5.
Active STAT5 regulates T-bet and eomesodermin expression in CD8 T cells and imprints a T-bet-dependent Tc1 program with repressed IL-6/TGF-β1 signaling.
Specimen part
View SamplesInterferon gamma treatment of macrophages results in hundreds if not thousands of alterations in gene expression and an antiviral state being established in these cells. Little is known about relationship between transcript synthesis, abundance and decay in macrophages during the first hours after interferon gamma treatment and how these factors influence the antiviral cellular phenotype.
An Interferon Regulated MicroRNA Provides Broad Cell-Intrinsic Antiviral Immunity through Multihit Host-Directed Targeting of the Sterol Pathway.
Age, Specimen part
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Gene expression profiling analysis of CRTC1-MAML2 fusion oncogene-induced transcriptional program in human mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells.
Cell line
View SamplesChildren with acute measles were admitted to the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. Peripheral blood was collected at hospital entry, discharge and 1-month follow-up. Control samples were also collected from uninfected children. All children were HIV negative.
Gene expression changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells during measles virus infection.
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View SamplesHuman CD14+ monocytes were isolated and grown in GM-CSF and IL-4 for six days. The cells were then infected with measles virus, Chicago-1 strain, and RNA was isolated at 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours post-infection.
Gene expression patterns in dendritic cells infected with measles virus compared with other pathogens.
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View SamplesMucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC) is the most common salivary gland malignancy. To date, advanced and nonresectable MEC have poor prognosis and no effective treatment. The CRTC1-MAML2 fusion oncogene, which is associated with more than 50% of MEC, consists of the N-terminal CREB-binding domain of the CREB transcriptional co-activator CRTC1 and the C-terminal transcriptional activation domain of the Notch transcriptional co-activator MAML2. CRTC1-MAML2 fusion was found to interact with CREB and constitutively activate their transcriptional targets. To investigate the contribution of the transcription factor CREB to mediate the fusion target gene expression, gene expression profiling analysis were performed in two salivary gland tumor cell lines (including fusion-positive H3118 MEC cells and fusion-negative HSY parotid adenocarcinoma cells) before and after CREB knockdown. This study demonstrated that CRTC1-MAML2 co-activation of CREB is a major mechanism underlying CRTC1-MAML2-mediated transcriptional regulation.
Gene expression profiling analysis of CRTC1-MAML2 fusion oncogene-induced transcriptional program in human mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells.
Cell line
View SamplesMucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC) is the most common salivary gland malignancy. To date, advanced and nonresectable MEC have poor prognosis and no effective treatment. The CRTC1-MAML2 fusion oncogene, which is associated with more than 50% of MEC, consists of the N-terminal CREB-binding domain of the CREB transcriptional co-activator CRTC1 and the C-terminal transcriptional activation domain of the Notch transcriptional co-activator MAML2. CRTC1-MAML2 fusion was found to interact with CREB and constitutively activate their transcriptional targets. To investigate the genes and pathways regulated by CRTC1-MAML2 fusion oncogene, gene expression profiling analysis were performed in human fusion-positive MEC cells before and after knockdown of both CRTC1-MAML2 and MAML2 as well as in human fusion-negative salivary gland cancer cells before and after MAML2 knockdown only. This study revealed specific transcriptional program induced by the CRTC1-MAML2 fusion oncogene, which potentially mediates CRC1-MAML2 functions in MEC initiation and maintenance. The information will be useful for developing new approaches to block CRTC1-MAML2 fusion-expressing MEC.
Gene expression profiling analysis of CRTC1-MAML2 fusion oncogene-induced transcriptional program in human mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells.
Cell line
View SamplesWe performed ChIP-Seq for hallmark TFs (Ets1, Runx1), histone modification marks (H3K4me1, H3K4me2, H3K4me3, H3K27me3, H3K36me3), total RNA Pol II, short RNA-Seq as well as nucleosome mapping mainly in murine Rag2 -/- thymocytes. We also performed ChIP-Seq for E47 as well as nucleosome mapping, gene expression microarray analysis in CD4+ CD8+ DP thymocytes. Overall, we find a key role for the transcription factor Ets1, contributing towards alpha beta T cell lineage commitment via differential transactivation of stage-specific genes orchestrated by dynamic, co-association -mediated chromatin remodeling, as well as transcription dependent generation of a specialized chromatin structure at the TCR beta locus. Overall design: Genome-wide analysis via ChIP-Seq for Ets1, Runx1, total RNA Pol II binding, H3K4me1, H3K4me2, H3K4me3, H3K27me3, H3K36me3, short RNA-Seq, Mnase-Seq in murine Rag2 -/- thymocytes, ChIP-Seq for E47, Mnase-Seq and gene expression microarray analysis in DP thymocytes This Series represents ShortRNA-Seq data.
Dynamic recruitment of Ets1 to both nucleosome-occupied and -depleted enhancer regions mediates a transcriptional program switch during early T-cell differentiation.
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