The number of cells in an organ is a major factor for the determination of organ size. However, genetic basis of cell number determination is not well understood. Three grandifolia-D (gra-D) mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana developed huge leaves containing two- to three-fold increased number of cells of the wild type. Tiling array and microarray analysis of gra-D mutants suggested that genes found in a lower part of chromosome 4 were upregulated, suggesting the occurrence of segmental chromosomal duplications in the gra-D mutants. These region contain positive regulators of cell proliferation such as AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) and cyclin genes such as CYCD3;1.
Impact of segmental chromosomal duplications on leaf size in the grandifolia-D mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana.
Specimen part
View SamplesThe number of cells in an organ is a major factor for the determination of organ size. However, genetic basis of cell number determination is not well understood. Three grandifolia-D (gra-D) mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana developed huge leaves containing two- to three-fold increased number of cells of the wild type. Tiling array and microarray analysis of gra-D mutants suggested that genes found in a lower part of chromosome 4 were upregulated, suggesting the occurrence of segmental chromosomal duplications in the gra-D mutants. These region contain positive regulators of cell proliferation such as AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) and cyclin genes such as CYCD3;1.
Impact of segmental chromosomal duplications on leaf size in the grandifolia-D mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana.
Specimen part
View SamplesTo define the characteristics of human oral mucosa fibroblasts (hOFs), we analyzed the gene expression of hOFs compared with that of human dermal fibroblasts (hDFs), and that of hOF-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (hOF-iPSCs).
Gene Signature of Human Oral Mucosa Fibroblasts: Comparison with Dermal Fibroblasts and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.
Sex, Age, Specimen part
View SamplesPlants grown under a canopy recognize changes in light quality and modify their growth patterns; this modification is known as shade avoidance syndrome. In leaves, leaf blade expansion is suppressed, whereas petiole elongation is promoted under the shade. However, the mechanisms that control these responses are largely unclear. Here, we demonstrated that both auxin and brassinosteroid (BR) are required for the normal leaf responses to shade. The microarray analysis of leaf blades and petioles treated with end-of-day far-red light (EODFR) revealed that almost half of the genes induced by the treatment in both parts were previously identified as auxin-responsive genes. Likewise, BR-responsive genes were overrepresented in the EODFR-induced genes. Hence, the auxin and BR responses were elevated by EODFR treatment in both leaf blades and petioles, although opposing growth responses were observed in these two parts. The analysis of the auxin-deficient doc1/big mutant and BR-deficient rot3/cyp90c1 mutant further indicates that auxin and BR were equally required for the normal petiole elongation response to the shade stimulus. In addition, the spotlight irradiation experiment revealed that phytochrome in leaf blades but not that in petioles regulated petiole elongation, which was probably mediated through regulation of the auxin/BR responses in petioles. On the basis of these findings, we conclude that auxin and BR cooperatively promote petiole elongation in response to the shade stimulus under the control of phytochrome in the leaf blade.
Involvement of auxin and brassinosteroid in the regulation of petiole elongation under the shade.
Specimen part
View SamplesDevelopment of a flat structure of leaves depend on active expansion of leaf blades mediated by cell proliferation. The angustifolia3 (an3) mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana are defective in cell proliferation in leaf primorida. AN3 encodes a transcription coactivator and interacts with a putative transcription factor AtGRF5. To investigate how AN3 control cell proliferation, we compared gene expression profiles between an3 and wild type. This analysis provide an insight into AN3-dependent cell proliferation pathway.
ANGUSTIFOLIA3 plays roles in adaxial/abaxial patterning and growth in leaf morphogenesis.
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View SamplesWe explored the functional role of YAP in SCLC cells (SBC3 and SBC5) by YAP knockdown.
YAP and TAZ modulate cell phenotype in a subset of small cell lung cancer.
Cell line
View SamplesSteroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR) and its murine ortholog pregnane X receptor (PXR) are nuclear receptors that are expressed mainly in the liver and the intestine. They function as xenobiotic sensors by inducing genes involved in detoxification and drug excretion. Recent evidence showed that SXR and PXR are also expressed in bone tissue where they mediate bone metabolism. Here we report that systemic deletion of PXR results in aging-dependent wearing of articular cartilage of knee joints. Histomorphometrical analysis showed remarkable reduction of width and an enlarged gap between femoral and tibial articular cartilage in PXR knockout mice. We hypothesized that genes induced by SXR in chondrocytes have a protective effect on articular cartilage and identified Fam20a (family with sequence similarity 20a) as an SXR-dependent gene induced by the known SXR ligands, rifampicin and vitamin K2. Lastly, we demonstrated the biological significance of Fam20a expression in chondrocytes by evaluating osteoarthritis-related gene expression of primary articular chondrocytes. Consistent with epidemiological findings, our findings indicate that SXR/PXR protects against aging-dependent wearing of articular cartilage and that ligands for SXR/PXR have potential role in preventing osteoarthritis caused by aging.
Pregnane X receptor knockout mice display aging-dependent wearing of articular cartilage.
Cell line
View SamplesTo investigate genes possibly regulated by TTF-1 in small cell lung cancer cell lines, we compared gene expression profiles of NCI-H209 and Lu139 cell lines electroporated with control and TTF-1 siRNAs.
An integrative transcriptome analysis reveals a functional role for thyroid transcription factor-1 in small cell lung cancer.
Cell line
View SamplesAnalyzed differentially expressed genes among FOP- or resFOP-iMSCs treated by several ligands:
Neofunction of ACVR1 in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.
Specimen part
View SamplesGlobal gene expression profiling of FOP-iMSCs after chondrogenic differentiation with ERBB2 inhibitors
An mTOR Signaling Modulator Suppressed Heterotopic Ossification of Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva.
Specimen part, Treatment
View Samples