The Igf2 mRNA binding protein2/Imp2 was selectively deleted from adult mouse muscle; two phenotypes were observed: modestly decreased accrual of skeletal muscle mass after weaning and reduced wheel running activity but normal forced treadmill performance. Reduced voluntary activity occurs when fed a high fat diet but is normalized when consuming standard chow. The reduced muscle mass is due to diminished autocrine Igf2 production, reduced Akt1 activation, disinhibition of Gsk3a and reduced protein synthesis, without altered mTOR complex1 activity. The diet-dependent reduction in spontaneous exercise is accompanied by suboptimal muscle fatty acid oxidation, caused by reduced PPARa mRNA and protein, the former an Imp2 client. Nevertheless, in contrast to global Imp2 deficiency, muscle specific Imp2 inactivation does not alter glucose tolerance or the hypoglycemic effect of insulin. Imp2 deficiency in skeletal muscle reduces autocrine production of Igf2 and fiber growth and disorders nutrient metabolism so as to reduce voluntary physical activity. Overall design: The function of IMP2 in adult muscle has been investigated by creating the IMP2 muscle specific knockout mice. The metabolism of these mice at the whole body level, cellular lever, molecular level have been studied.
IMP2 Increases Mouse Skeletal Muscle Mass and Voluntary Activity by Enhancing Autocrine Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 Production and Optimizing Muscle Metabolism.
Sex, Age, Specimen part, Treatment, Subject
View SamplesRNA localization is a fundamental mechanism for controlling the spatial regulation of protein synthesis within cells, as well as differential cell fates during early development. Localized RNAs are known to control critical aspects of early Xenopus development, but few have been studied in detail. We set out to identify novel transcripts localized to the vegetal cortex of Xenopus oocytes, one of the best-studied examples of RNA localization. We identified over 400 transcripts enriched in the vegetal cortex, compared with whole oocytes. Included were many novel genes, as well as known genes not thought to undergo RNA localization. These data suggest that the role of RNA localization in early development is extensive and will provide a resource for identifying candidate regulatory genes for early developmental processes.
Identification of germ plasm-associated transcripts by microarray analysis of Xenopus vegetal cortex RNA.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesThe sense of hearing depends on the faithful transmission of sound information from the ear to the brain by spiral ganglion (SG) neurons. However, how SG neurons develop the connections and properties that underlie auditory processing is largely unknown.
Developmental profiling of spiral ganglion neurons reveals insights into auditory circuit assembly.
Specimen part
View SamplesWe have analysed the activity of the nuclear exosome during meiosis by deletion of TRF4, which encodes a key component of the exosome targeting complex TRAMP. We find that TRAMP mutants produce high levels of CUTs during meiosis that are undetectable in wild-type cells, showing that the nuclear exosome remains functional for CUT degradation. Lack of TRAMP activity stabilises ~1600 CUTs in meiotic cells, which occupy 40% of the binding capacity of the nuclear cap binding complex (CBC). Overall design: One sample each of Cbc2-associated RNA from wild-type and trf4-deleted cells at 6 hours of meiosis
The nuclear exosome is active and important during budding yeast meiosis.
Subject, Time
View SamplesDecidual macrophage populations, CD11cHI and CD11cLO cells were analyzed for expression profiles and unique characteristics.
Two unique human decidual macrophage populations.
Specimen part
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Brain iron accumulation affects myelin-related molecular systems implicated in a rare neurogenetic disease family with neuropsychiatric features.
Sex, Age, Specimen part, Disease
View SamplesDifferential gene expression is assessed in substantia nigra and basal ganglia of neurodegenertion with brain iron accumulation cases (BIA) compared to matched normal controls (c).
Brain iron accumulation affects myelin-related molecular systems implicated in a rare neurogenetic disease family with neuropsychiatric features.
Sex, Age, Specimen part, Disease
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Integrative DNA methylation and gene expression analyses identify DNA packaging and epigenetic regulatory genes associated with low motility sperm.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesThymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box protein family member 2 (TOX2) is a transcription factor belonging to the TOX family that shares a highly conserved high mobility group DNA binding domain with the other TOX members. While TOX1 has been shown to be an essential regulator of T-cell and natural killer (NK) cell differentiation in mice, little is known about the roles of the other TOX family members in lymphocyte development, particularly in humans. In this study, we found that TOX2 was preferentially expressed in mature human NK cells and was upregulated during in vitro differentiation of NK cells from human umbilical cord blood (UCB)derived CD34+ cells. Gene silencing of TOX2 intrinsically hindered the transition between early developmental stages of NK cells, while overexpression of TOX2 enhanced the development of mature NK cells from UCB CD34+ cells. We subsequently found that TOX2 was independent of ETS-1 but could directly upregulate the transcription of TBX21 (encoding T-BET). Overexpression of T-BET rescued the TOX2 knockdown phenotypes. Given the essential function of T-BET in NK cell differentiation, TOX2 therefore plays a crucial role in controlling normal NK cell development by acting upstream of TBX21 transcriptional regulation.
TOX2 regulates human natural killer cell development by controlling T-BET expression.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesUsing 5 differents approaches, including RNA sequencing, we demonstrated that macrophages that specifically infiltrate renal tumors, express the immunosuppressive transcription factor Foxp3. Overall design: Examination of the Foxp3 mRNA expression in 3 different cell subsets (including CD4 T cells (CD4), type-1 macrophages (M1) and type-2 macrophages (M2))
Foxp3 expression in macrophages associated with RENCA tumors in mice.
No sample metadata fields
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