Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) function in virtually all tissues with cell-type specific outcomes. Since there are a relatively small number of BMP receptors this exquisite signaling specificity requires additional molecules to regulate the output of this pathway. We demonstrated that the receptor tyrosine kinase MuSK that is selectively expressed in muscle and plays a critical role in synapse formation and maintenance binds to BMP4 and related BMPs. Since BMPs regulate the transcription of a set of genes, we performed microarrays for wild-type and MuSK null muscle cells to test if MuSK regulates BMP responses in muscle cells.
MuSK is a BMP co-receptor that shapes BMP responses and calcium signaling in muscle cells.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesThe Tesi system allows analysis of HTLV-1 Tax's impact on the transcriptome of a human CD4+ T-cell which is not derived from leukemia but directly from normal human lymphocytes. By comparing cells with and without Tax, one can specifically filter for celluar genes that are either activated or repressed in the presence of Tax.
Strong induction of 4-1BB, a growth and survival promoting costimulatory receptor, in HTLV-1-infected cultured and patients' T cells by the viral Tax oncoprotein.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesTo determine whether adding Decipher to standard risk stratification tools (CAPRA-S and Stephenson nomogram) improves accuracy in prediction of metastatic disease within 5 years after surgery in men with adverse pathologic features after RP.
A genomic classifier improves prediction of metastatic disease within 5 years after surgery in node-negative high-risk prostate cancer patients managed by radical prostatectomy without adjuvant therapy.
Age
View SamplesOligodendrocytes (OLs) and myelin are critical for normal brain function and they have been implicated in neurodegeneration. Human neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that alterations in axons and myelin occur early in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) course. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the role of OLs in AD remains largely unknown. In this study, we systematically interrogated OL-enriched gene networks constructed from large-scale genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data in human AD postmortem brain samples. These robust OL networks were highly enriched for genes associated with AD risk variants, including BIN1. We corroborated the structure of the AD OL coexpression and gene-gene interaction networks through ablation of genes identified as key drivers of the networks, including UGT8, CNP, MYRF, PLP1, NPC1, and NDGR1. Perturbations of these key drivers not only caused dysregulation in their associated network neighborhoods, but also mimicked pathways of gene expression dysregulation seen in human AD postmortem brain samples. In particular, the OL subnetwork controlled by the AD risk gene PSEN1 was strongly dysregulated in AD, suggesting a potential role of PSEN1 in disrupting the myelination pathway towards the onset of AD. In summary, this study built and systematically validated the first comprehensive molecular blueprint of OL dysregulation in AD, and identified key OL- and myelination-related genes and networks as potential candidate targets for the future development of AD therapies. Overall design: The mouse knockout models have been previously described for each of Ugt8 (Coetzee et al., 1996), Cnp (Lappe-Siefke et al., 2003), and Plp1 (Klugmann et al., 1997). For each of the two conditions studied (control and homozygous knockout mice), five mice of either sex were sacrificed at postnatal day 20 and brains were flashed-frozen until analysis. The frontal cortex (FC) and cerebellum (CBM) were dissected out and individually processed. RNA was isolated using Trizol reagent and processed using Ribo-Zero rRNA removal. RNA-sequencing was performed using the Illumina HiSeq2000 with 100 nucleotide paired-end reads. RNA-sequencing reads were mapped to the mouse genome (mm10, UCSC assembly) using Bowtie (version 2.2.3.0), TopHat (version 2.0.11), and SamTools (version 0.1.19.0) using a read length of 100. Reads were converted to counts at the gene level using HTSeq on the BAM files from TopHat2 using the UCSC known genes data set.
Multiscale network modeling of oligodendrocytes reveals molecular components of myelin dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesRearrangements involving the NUP98 gene resulting in fusions to several partner genes occur in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. This study demonstrates that the second FG repeat domain of the NUP98 moiety of the NUP98-HOXA9 fusion protein is important for its cell immortalization and leukemogenesis activities. We demonstrate that NUP98-HOXA9 interacts with MLL via this FG repeat domain and that, in the absence of MLL, NUP98-HOXA9-induced cell immortalization and leukemogenesis are severely inhibited. Molecular analyses indicate that MLL is important for the recruitment of NUP98-HOXA9 to the HOXA locus and for NUP98-HOXA9-induced HOXA gene expression. Our data indicate that MLL is crucial for NUP98-HOXA9 leukemia initiation.
MLL is essential for NUP98-HOXA9-induced leukemia.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesRegeneration of fragmented Drosophila imaginal discs occurs in an epimorphic manner, involving local cell proliferation at the wound site. Following disc fragmentation, cells at the wound site activate a restoration program through wound healing, regenerative cell proliferation and repatterning of the tissue. However, the interplay of signaling cascades, driving these early reprogramming steps, is not well understood. Here we profiled the transcriptome of regenerating cells in the early phase within twenty-four hours after wounding. We found that JAK/STAT signaling becomes activated at the wound site and promotes regenerative cell proliferation in cooperation with Wingless (Wg) signaling. In addition, we demonstrated that the expression of Drosophila insulin-like peptide 8 (dilp8), which encodes a paracrine peptide to delay the onset of pupariation, is controlled by JAK/STAT signaling in early regenerating discs. Our findings suggest that JAK/STAT signaling plays a pivotal role in coordinating regenerative disc growth with organismal developmental timing.
During Drosophila disc regeneration, JAK/STAT coordinates cell proliferation with Dilp8-mediated developmental delay.
Sex, Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesGlioblastomas show heterogeneous histological features. These distinct phenotypic states are thought to be associated with the presence of glioma stem cells (GSCs), which are highly tumorigenic and self-renewing sub-population of tumor cells that have different functional characteristics. To investigate gene expression including lncRNA (long non-coding RNA) in GSC, we have performed high-throughput RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) experiment using Illumina GAIIx. Overall design: Profiles of gene expression including lncRNA in GSC were generated by RNA-seq using Illumina GAIIx.
Targeting the Notch-regulated non-coding RNA TUG1 for glioma treatment.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Integrative genomics of gene and metabolic regulation by estrogen receptors α and β, and their coregulators.
Specimen part, Cell line
View SamplesThe closely related transcription factors (TFs), estrogen receptors ER and ER, regulate divergent gene expression programs and proliferative outcomes in breast cancer. Utilizing MCF-7 breast cancer cells with ER, ER, or both receptors as a model system to define the basis of differing response specification by related TFs, we show that these TFs and their key coregulators, SRC3 and RIP140, generate overlapping as well as unique chromatin-binding and transcription-regulating modules.
Integrative genomics of gene and metabolic regulation by estrogen receptors α and β, and their coregulators.
Specimen part, Cell line
View SamplesApo2L/TRAIL stimulates cancer-cell death through the proapoptotic receptors DR4 and DR5, but the determinants of tumor susceptibility to this ligand are not fully defined. mRNA expression of the peptidyl O-glycosyl transferase GALNT14 correlated with Apo2L/TRAIL sensitivity in pancreatic carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma and melanoma cell lines (P < 0.00009; n=83), and up to 30% of samples from various human malignancies displayed GALNT14 overexpression. RNA interference of GALNT14 reduced cellular Apo2L/TRAIL sensitivity, whereas overexpression increased responsiveness. Biochemical analysis of DR5 identified several ectodomain O-GalNAc-Gal-Sialic acid structures. Sequence comparison predicted conserved extracellular DR4 and DR5 O-glycosylation sites; progressive mutation of the DR5 sites attenuated apoptosis signaling. O-glycosylation promoted ligand-stimulated clustering of DR4 and DR5, which mediated recruitment and activation of the apoptosis-initiating protease caspase-8. These results uncover a novel link between death receptor O-glycosylation and apoptosis signaling, providing potential predictive biomarkers for Apo2L/TRAIL-based cancer therapy.
Death-receptor O-glycosylation controls tumor-cell sensitivity to the proapoptotic ligand Apo2L/TRAIL.
No sample metadata fields
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