To further analyze the effect of WWOX on metastasis formation, we studied the differential expression of mRNAs using Affymetrix genechip in WWOX- sufficient and deficient metastatic cells.
Pleiotropic tumor suppressor functions of WWOX antagonize metastasis.
Cell line
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Divergence of RNA localization between rat and mouse neurons reveals the potential for rapid brain evolution.
Age, Specimen part
View SamplesUsing microdissected dendrites from primary cultures of hippocampal neurons of two mouse strains (C57BL/6 and Balb/c) and one rat strain (Sprague-Dawley), we investigate via microarrays, subcellular localization of mRNAs in dendrites of neurons to assay the evolutionary differences in subcellular dendritic transcripts localization.
Divergence of RNA localization between rat and mouse neurons reveals the potential for rapid brain evolution.
Age, Specimen part
View SamplesMouse adult female brains cortex (C57BL/6, Charles River Laboratories, Inc.) was isolated and stored immediately at -80C. Subsequently, the mRNA (15g) was isolated using TRIzol Reagent and MicroFastTrack 2.0 Kit (Invitrogen). A Sample of 5g was assessed on Affymetrix Mouse 430.2 array. Aliquots from the leftovers of the same cortical mRNA were diluted to single-cell RNA levels (0.1, 1, and 10 pg) and independently aRNA amplified for a total of 2 and 4 rounds and assessed on Affymetrix Mouse 430.2 arrays.
Divergence of RNA localization between rat and mouse neurons reveals the potential for rapid brain evolution.
Specimen part
View SamplesTo assess in order to assess potential disparities in gene expression due to developmental differences we performed a comparison between hippocampus and heart tissues from rat and mouse pup (one week old) and adult (10 week old) animals.
Divergence of RNA localization between rat and mouse neurons reveals the potential for rapid brain evolution.
Age, Specimen part
View SamplesTo assess in order to assess potential disparities in gene expression due to developmental differences we performed a comparison between hippocampus and heart tissues from rat and mouse pup (one week old) and adult (10 week old) animals.
Divergence of RNA localization between rat and mouse neurons reveals the potential for rapid brain evolution.
Age, Specimen part
View SamplesUsing microdissected dendrites from primary cultures of hippocampal neurons of two mouse strains (C57BL/6 and Balb/c) and one rat strain (Sprague-Dawley), we investigate via microarrays, subcellular localization of mRNAs in dendrites of neurons to assay the evolutionary differences in subcellular dendritic transcripts localization.
Divergence of RNA localization between rat and mouse neurons reveals the potential for rapid brain evolution.
Age, Specimen part
View SamplesTo assess neuronal expression divergence between mice and rats, we used the Affymetrix array platform to assay the transcriptomes of micro-dissected individual soma and pool of dendrites of hippocampal neurons in dispersed primary cell cultures from rat and mouse.
Divergence of RNA localization between rat and mouse neurons reveals the potential for rapid brain evolution.
Age, Specimen part
View SamplesTo assess neuronal expression divergence between mice and rats, we used the Affymetrix array platform to assay the transcriptomes of micro-dissected individual soma and pool of dendrites of hippocampal neurons in dispersed primary cell cultures from rat and mouse.
Divergence of RNA localization between rat and mouse neurons reveals the potential for rapid brain evolution.
Age, Specimen part
View SamplesMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations cause inherited diseases and are implicated in the pathogenesis of common late-onset disorders, but it is not clear how they arise and propagate in the humans. Here we show that mtDNA mutations are present in primordial germ cells (PGCs) within healthy female human embryos. Close scrutiny revealed the signature of selection against non-synonymous variants in the protein-coding region, tRNA gene variants, and variants in specific regions of the non-coding D-loop. In isolated single PGCs we saw a profound reduction in the cellular mtDNA content, with discrete mitochondria containing ~5 mtDNA molecules during early germline development. Single cell deep mtDNA sequencing showed rare variants reaching higher heteroplasmy levels in later PGCs, consistent with the observed genetic bottleneck, and predicting >80% levels within isolated organelles. Genome-wide RNA-seq showed a progressive upregulation of genes involving mtDNA replication and transcription, linked to a transition from glycolytic to oxidative metabolism. The metabolic shift exposes deleterious mutations to selection at the organellar level during early germ cell development. In this way, the genetic bottleneck prevents the relentless accumulation of mtDNA mutations in the human population predicted by Muller's ratchet. Mutations escaping this mechanism will, however, show massive shifts in heteroplasmy levels within one human generation, explaining the extreme phenotypic variation seen in human pedigrees with inherited mtDNA disorders. Overall design: RNA-Seq and NGS analysis to investigate transcriptomes and mtDNA sequences of fetal hPGCs
Segregation of mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy through a developmental genetic bottleneck in human embryos.
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