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SRP071039
Mus musculus
17 Downloadable Samples
Illumina HiSeq 2500
Description
Background: Tissue macrophages contribute to development and protection, both requiring appropriately timed and located source(s) of factors controlling growth, cell differentiation and migration. Goal: To understand the role of microglia (tissue macrophages of the central nervous system), in promoting neurodevelopment and controlling neuroinflammation. Summary of findings: We show that microglia fulfill both these roles. In contrast to adult cells, neonatal microglia show a unique neurogenic phenotype with stem cell-like potential. Neonatal microglia are protective against neuroinflammation, and their transplantation ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. A CD11c+ microglial subset predominates in primary myelinating areas of the developing brain and expresses genes for neuronal and glial survival, migration and differentiation. CD11c+ microglia are also found in clusters of repopulating microglia after experimental ablation and in neuroinflammation in adult mice, but despite some similarities, they do not recapitulate neurogenic neonatal microglia characteristics. Conclusions: We therefore identify a unique phenotype of neonatal microglia that deliver signals necessary for neurogenesis and myelination and suppress neuroinflammation. Overall design: The overall design was to compare transcriptomes of subsets of microglia isolated from neonatal mice, healthy adults, and adult mice with a neuroinflammatory disease (Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, EAE), and to compare anti-inflammatory function of adult and neonatal microglia. Microglia were isolated by cell-sorting based on surface phenotype, and RNAseq data was analyzed using WGCNA, GO and DAVID approaches. Expression of selected genes and pathways was confirmed by histology and flow cytometry. Functional analysis involved transfer of isolated microglia to the central nervous system of animals with EAE and evaluation of outcome. EAE = Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Publication Title
A novel microglial subset plays a key role in myelinogenesis in developing brain.
Sample Metadata Fields
Subject
View Samples- Schizosaccharomyces pombe
- 6 Downloadable Samples
Affymetrix Yeast Genome 2.0 Array (yeast2)
Description
The multiprotein Mediator complex is an important regulator of RNA polymerase II-dependent genes in eukaryotic cell. In contrast to the situation in many other eukaryotes, the conserved Med15 protein is not a stable component of Mediator isolated from fission yeast. We now demonstrate that Med15 exists in a protein complex together with Hrp1, an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling protein. The Med15/Hrp1 subcomplex is not a component of the core Mediator complex, but can interact with the repressive L-Mediator conformation. Deletion of MED15 and HRP1 cause similar effects on global steady-state levels of mRNA, but only MED15 is required for galactose-dependent activation of the inv1 gene. Hrp1 has been found in complex with other proteins and genome-wide analysis demonstrates that Med15 only associates with a distinct subset of Hrp1-bound gene promoters. Global analysis reveals that Hrp1-binding normally is associated with increased histone H3 density, but at promoters also bound by Med15, histone H3 density is instead increased. Our findings reveal that Med15 functions as a separate entity in fission yeast and indicate that the function and organization of the Mediator complex may differ significantly between eukaryotes.
Publication Title
A chromatin-remodeling protein is a component of fission yeast mediator.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 1 Downloadable Sample
- Illumina Genome Analyzer
Description
We analyzed small RNAs from three mammalian species, and found that in all these species piRNA-directed targeting is accompanied by the generation of short sequences that have a very precisely defined length and a specific spatial relationship with the guide piRNAs. Overall design: small RNA-seq of testes lysate (beta-eliminated)
Publication Title
Conserved generation of short products at piRNA loci.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 13 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina Genome Analyzer IIx
Description
Crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP) is increasingly used to map transcriptome-wide binding sites of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). We developed a method for CLIP data analysis and applied it to compare 254 nm CLIP with PAR-CLIP, which involves crosslinking of photoreactive nucleotides with 365 nm UV light. We found small differences in the accuracy of these methods in identifying binding sites of HuR, a protein that binds low-complexity sequences and Argonaute 2, which has a complex binding specificity. We show that crosslink-induced mutations lead to single-nucleotide resolution for both PAR-CLIP and CLIP. Our results confirm the expectation from original CLIP publications that RNA-binding proteins do not protect sufficiently their sites under the denaturing conditions used during the CLIP procedure, and we show that extensive digestion with sequence-specific ribonucleases strongly biases the set of recovered binding sites. We finally show that this bias can be substantially reduced by milder nuclease digestion conditions. Overall design: We performed duplicate experiments for each variant of the CLIP protocol (CLIP, PAR-CLIP), each protein (HuR, Ago2), and enzymatic digestion (complete T1 digestion, mild MNase digestion). In addition, we performed a single PAR-CLIP experiment with mild T1 digestion.
Publication Title
A quantitative analysis of CLIP methods for identifying binding sites of RNA-binding proteins.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 14 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Publication Title
Transcriptome-wide identification of RNA-binding protein and microRNA target sites by PAR-CLIP.
Sample Metadata Fields
Cell line
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 6 Downloadable Samples
Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
To assess whether the transcripts identified by PAR-CLIP are regulated by the RNA-binding protein (RBP) Quaking (QKI), we analyzed the mRNA levels of mock-transfected and QKI-specific siRNA-transfected cells with microarrays. Transcripts crosslinked to QKI were significantly upregulated upon siRNA transfection, indicating that QKI negatively regulates bound mRNAs (Figure 3H of PMID 20371350), consistent with previous reports of QKI being a repressor.
Publication Title
Transcriptome-wide identification of RNA-binding protein and microRNA target sites by PAR-CLIP.
Sample Metadata Fields
Cell line
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 4 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
To test the influence of IGF2BPs on the stability of their interacting mRNAs, as reported previously for some targets (Yisraeli, 2005), we simultaneously depleted all three IGF2BP family members using siRNAs and compared the cellular RNA from knockdown and mock-transfected cells on microarrays. The levels of transcripts identified by PAR-CLIP decreased in IGF2BP-depleted cells, indicating that IGF2BP proteins stabilize their target mRNAs. Moreover, transcripts that yielded clusters with the highest T to C mutation frequency were most destabilized (Figure 4G of PMID 20371350), indicating that the ranking criterion that we derived based on the analysis of PUM2 and QKI data generalizes to other RNA-binding proteins (RBPs).
Publication Title
Transcriptome-wide identification of RNA-binding protein and microRNA target sites by PAR-CLIP.
Sample Metadata Fields
Cell line
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 4 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
To obtain evidence that Argonaute (AGO) crosslink-centered regions (CCRs) indeed contain functional miRNA-binding sites, we blocked 25 of the most abundant miRNAs in HEK 293 cells (Figure 5C of PMID 20371350) by transfection of a cocktail of 2'-O-methyl-modified antisense oligoribonucleotides and monitored the changes in mRNA stability by microarrays (Figure 7A of PMID 20371350). Consistent with previous studies of individual miRNAs (Grimson et al., 2007), the magnitude of the destabilization effects of transcripts containing at least one CCR depended on the length of the seed-complementary region and dropped from 9-mer to 8-mer to 7-mer to 6-mer matches (Figure 7B of PMID 20371350). We did not find evidence for significant destabilization of transcripts that only contained imperfectly paired seed regions.
Publication Title
Transcriptome-wide identification of RNA-binding protein and microRNA target sites by PAR-CLIP.
Sample Metadata Fields
Cell line
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 7 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Gene 1.0 ST Array (mogene10st)
Description
The eosinophil transcriptome analysis indicated a robust transcription change in eosinophils following allergen challenge in the lung.
Publication Title
Carbonic anhydrase IV is expressed on IL-5-activated murine eosinophils.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 9 Downloadable Samples
- IlluminaHiSeq2000
Description
We used RNA sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes during esophageal epithelial differentiation and in the presence of interleukin 13 using an air-liquid interface culture system. Overall design: RNA sequencing was performed on a human esophageal epithelial cell line (EPC2-hTERT) grown submerged (day 8) or at the air-liquid interface (ALI) (day 14, untreated or treated with interleukin 13 [100 ng/mL])
Publication Title
Eosinophilic esophagitis-linked calpain 14 is an IL-13-induced protease that mediates esophageal epithelial barrier impairment.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
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