Using killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 as a marker to distinguish terminal effector cells from memory precursors, we found that despite their diverse cell fates both subsets possessed remarkably similar gene expression profiles and functioned as equally potent killer cells. However, only the memory precursors were capable of making IL-2 thus defining a novel effector cell that was cytotoxic, expressed granzyme B, and produced inflammatory cytokines in addition to IL-2. This effector population then differentiated into long-lived protective memory T cells capable of self-renewal and rapid re-call responses. Mechanistic studies showed that cells that continued to receive antigenic stimulation during the later stages of infection were more likely to become terminal effectors. Importantly, curtailing antigenic stimulation towards the tail-end of the acute infection enhanced the generation of memory cells. These studies support the decreasing potential model of memory differentiation and show that the duration of antigenic stimulation is a critical regulator of memory formation
Functional and genomic profiling of effector CD8 T cell subsets with distinct memory fates.
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View SamplesContinuous regeneration of digestive enzyme (zymogen) secreting chief cells is a normal aspect of stomach function that is disrupted in pre-cancerous lesions. Regulation of zymogenic cell (ZC) differentiation is poorly understood. Here we profile Parietal, Pit, and Zymogenic cells for comparison and study.
The maturation of mucus-secreting gastric epithelial progenitors into digestive-enzyme secreting zymogenic cells requires Mist1.
Specimen part
View SamplesTranslation is a critical cellular process to synthesize proteins from their transcripts. However, translational regulation in antigen-specific T cells in vivo has not been well defined.
Translation is actively regulated during the differentiation of CD8<sup>+</sup> effector T cells.
Sex, Specimen part
View SamplesAlthough early developmental processes involve cell fate decisions that define the body axes and establish progenitor cell pools, development does not cease once cells are specified. Instead, most cells undergo specific maturation events where changes in the cell transcriptome ensure that the proper gene products are expressed to carry out unique physiological functions. Pancreatic acinar cells mature post-natally to handle an extensive protein synthetic load, establsih organized apical-basal polarity for zymogen granule trafficking, and assemble gap-junctions to perimt efficient cell-cell communication. Despite significant progress in defining transcriptional networks that control initial acinar cell specification and differentiation decisions, little is know regarding the role of transcription factors in the specification and maintenance of maturation events. One candidate maturation effector is MIST1, a secretory cell-restricted transcription factor that has been implicated in controlling regulated exocytosis events in a number of cell types. Embryonic knock-out of MIST1 generates acinar cells that fail to establish an apical-basal organization, fail to properly localize zymogen granule and fail to communicate intra-cellularly, making the exocrine organ highly suceptible to pancreatic diseases.
Induced Mist1 expression promotes remodeling of mouse pancreatic acinar cells.
Age, Specimen part
View SamplesAutophagy genes play an important role in the T cell activation and proliferation. We examined the role of ATG7 during the process of CD8 T cell memory formation. In the absence of ATG7, antigen-specific CD8 T cells failed to survive past the contraction phase and failed to give rise to memory cells.
Autophagy is essential for effector CD8(+) T cell survival and memory formation.
Specimen part
View SamplesUnderstanding the response of memory CD8 T cells to persistent antigen re-stimulation and the role of CD4 T cell help is critical to the design of successful vaccines for chronic diseases. However, studies comparing the protective abilities and qualities of memory and nave cells have been mostly performed in acute infections, and little is known about their roles during chronic infections. Herein, we show that memory cells dominate over nave cells and are protective when present in large enough numbers to quickly reduce infection. In contrast, when infection is not rapidly reduced, memory cells are quickly lost, unlike nave cells. This loss of memory cells is due to (i) an early block in cell proliferation, (ii) selective regulation by the inhibitory receptor 2B4, and (iii) increased reliance on CD4 T cell help. These findings have important implications towards the design of T cell vaccines against chronic infections and tumors.
Tight regulation of memory CD8(+) T cells limits their effectiveness during sustained high viral load.
Specimen part
View SamplesThe effects of freeze-dried tofu, a traditional Japanese soy food, were compared with those of major active soy components, protein and isoflavone, by observing physiological differences and global transcriptomes in the liver of male rats.
Tofu (soybean curd) lowers serum lipid levels and modulates hepatic gene expression involved in lipogenesis primarily through its protein, not isoflavone, component in rats.
Sex, Specimen part
View SamplesThese experiments aim determine the effects of Smo and Ets-2 signaling on fibroblast gene expression.
Genetic ablation of Smoothened in pancreatic fibroblasts increases acinar-ductal metaplasia.
Age, Specimen part
View SamplesThese experiments aim to determine global gene expression patterns in WT vs KPC isolated pancreatic fibroblasts Overall design: WT or KPC mice were isolated from pancreas and RNA-seq was performed
Stromal ETS2 Regulates Chemokine Production and Immune Cell Recruitment during Acinar-to-Ductal Metaplasia.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesDorsomorphin is a small molecule inhibitor of type I bone morphogenic protein receptors (BMPRs). We have found that dorsomorphin affects a wide range of T cell function. In order to obtain the bigger picture of the effects of DM in T cell activation. transcriptomic analysis was performed using mouse primary CD25-CD4+ T cells with either DM (4 M) or vehicle in the presence or absence of stimulation by anti-CD3 and -CD28 antibodies.
Differential effects of inhibition of bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signalling on T-cell activation and differentiation.
Specimen part, Treatment
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