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GSE5996
Rattus norvegicus
6 Downloadable Samples
Affymetrix Rat Genome 230 2.0 Array (rat2302)
Description
Neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVCMs) were stretched biaxially (112%/24h) or stimulated with phenylephrine (PE, 50 uM), both resulting in a similar degree of hypertrophy. Unstretched NRVCMs served as negative control. Affymetrix microarray analysis revealed 164 genes more than 2.0-fold up- and 21 genes less than 0.5-fold downregulated (p<0.01). Differential expression was confirmed by real-time PCR. Several genes of the fetal gene program, i.e. BNP (4.2-fold, all p<0.05) were induced by stretch as well as PE. We also verified the upregulation of known stretch-responsive genes, including HSP70 (20.9x) and c-myc (3.0x). Moreover, we identified genes exclusively induced by stretch, such as the cardioprotective and antihypertrophic cytokine GDF15 (24.8x) and the antihypertrophic factor heme oxygenase 1 (Hmox1, 10.8x; both confirmed on protein level). Of note, neither PE nor endothelin-1 were able to upregulate GDF15 and Hmox1, while angiotensin II significantly induced both genes. Conversely, addition of the AT1 receptor blocker irbesartan markedly blunted stretch-mediated GDF15 and Hmox1 induction, suggesting that the angiotensin II receptor mediates stretch-dependent signals.
Publication Title
Gene expression pattern in biomechanically stretched cardiomyocytes: evidence for a stretch-specific gene program.
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View Samples- Mus musculus
- 10 Downloadable Samples
Illumina HiSeq 2000
Description
Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous apicomplexan parasite of mammals and birds and an important pathogen of humans. IFN-g is the major mediator of host resistance against T. gondii but intriguingly, parasite-infected host cells including macrophages are severely impaired to respond to IFN-g due to defective transcriptional activation of target genes. Here, we tested the possibility that the impaired responsiveness of T. gondii-infected macrophages to IFN-g can be restored by inhibiting histone deacetylases (HDACs) using the class I-specific inhibitor MS-275. Treatment of RAW264.7 cells with MS-275 indeed increased MHC class II surface expression in infected and non-infected cells and largely abolished the inhibition of IFN-g-regulated MHC class II expression exerted by T. gondii. Genome-wide transcriptome profiling revealed that MS-275 increased mean mRNA levels of IFN-g-regulated genes particularly in non-infected macrophages. Transcript levels of 33% of IFN-g secondary response genes but only those of a few primary response genes were also increased by MS-275 in T. gondii-infected cells. Importantly, the unresponsiveness of parasite-infected cells to IFN-g was however not abolished by MS-275. Furthermore, MS-275 also up-regulated several anti-inflammatory cytokines or signaling molecules in T. gondii-infected macrophages. It additionally regulated expression of more than 2500 genes in non-infected macrophages expression of which was surprisingly counteracted by prior infection with T. gondii. FACS analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that MS-275 did not considerably diminish the number of parasite-positive cells or the intracellular replication in macrophages stimulated or not with IFN-g. Thus, a supportive therapy using MS-275 appears inappropriate for treatment of toxoplasmosis. Overall design: High throughput RNA profiles from IFN-g-activated monocytic cells infected with Toxoplasma gondii and treated with MS-275 and control cells were generated by Illumina sequencing. Five experimental conditions with 2 biological replicates each were analysed.
Publication Title
Histone deacetylase inhibitor MS-275 augments expression of a subset of IFN-γ-regulated genes in Toxoplasma gondii-infected macrophages but does not improve parasite control.
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