Gene expression profiles from ALDH high cells sorted from expanded adult human pancreatic organoids are more similar to fetal pancreatic tissue and ALDH high cells sorted from expanded fetal human pancreatic organoids than to adult human islets or adult islet-depleted exocrine tissue. Overall design: RNA was isolated from ALDHhi cells sorted from organoids after 7 days expansion derived from human adult pancreatic tissue, ALDHhi cells sorted from organoids after 7 days expansion derived from human fetal pancreatic tissue, primary fetal pancreatic tissue, adult human islets from different donors and adult exocrine (islet-depleted) pancreatic tissue from different donors.
Expansion of Adult Human Pancreatic Tissue Yields Organoids Harboring Progenitor Cells with Endocrine Differentiation Potential.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesThe study was designed to identify differential expressed genes between human oral cavity carcinoma cell lines with and without LDBI knockout Overall design: Three parental human oral cavity carcinoma cell lines were used as control, LDB1 was knocked out in the three parent cell lines to create KO cell lines.
LIM-Only Protein 4 (LMO4) and LIM Domain Binding Protein 1 (LDB1) Promote Growth and Metastasis of Human Head and Neck Cancer (LMO4 and LDB1 in Head and Neck Cancer).
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesMicroarray gene expression experiments to identify differentially expressed genes and pathways in Jag1 conditional/null livers reveal up-regulation of many genes related to fibrosis and ECM interactions.
Microarray data reveal relationship between Jag1 and Ddr1 in mouse liver.
Age, Specimen part
View SamplesMutations in the Notch1 receptor and delta-like 3 (Dll3) ligand cause global disruptions in axial segmental patterning. Genetic interactions between members of the notch pathway have previously been shown to cause patterning defects not observed in single gene disruptions. We examined Dll3-Notch1 compound mouse mutants to screen for potential gene interactions. While mice heterozygous at either locus appeared normal, 30% of Dll3-Notch1 double heterozygous animals exhibited localized, stochastic segmental anomalies similar to human congenital vertebral defects. Unexpectedly, double heterozygous mice also displayed statistically significant decreases in mandibular height and elongated maxillary hard palate. Examination of somite-stage embryos and perinatal anatomy and histology did not reveal any organ defects, so we used microarray-based analysis of Dll3 and Notch1 mutant embryos to identify gene targets that may be involved in notch-regulated segmental or craniofacial development. Therefore, Dll3-Notch1 double heterozygous mice model human congenital scoliosis and craniofacial disorders.
Dll3 and Notch1 genetic interactions model axial segmental and craniofacial malformations of human birth defects.
Specimen part
View SamplesMammalian digit-tip can regenerate upon amputation1-3, like amphibians. It is unknown why this capacity is limited to the area associated with the nail3-5. Here, we show that nail stem cells (NSCs) reside in the Wnt-suppressed proximal nail matrix and that the mechanisms governing NSC differentiation are directly coupled with their ability of orchestrating digit regeneration. Early nail progenitors located distal to the NCS region undergo Wnt-dependent differentiation into nail. Upon amputation, this Wnt activation is required for nail regeneration and also for attracting nerves that promote mesenchymal blastema growth, leading to regeneration of the entire digit. Amputations proximal to the Wnt-active nail progenitors result in failure to regenerate nail/digit. Nevertheless, -catenin stabilization in the NSC region induced their regeneration. These results establish a link between NCS differentiation and digit regeneration, suggesting a utility of the NSCs in developing novel treatments for amputees.
Wnt activation in nail epithelium couples nail growth to digit regeneration.
Specimen part
View SamplesSkeletal muscle stem cells (MuSC), also called satellite cells, are indispensable for maintenance and regeneration of adult skeletal muscles. Yet, a comprehensive picture of the regulatory events controlling the fate of MuSC is missing. Here, we determine the proteome of MuSC to design a loss-of-function screen, and identify 120 genes important for MuSC function including the arginine methyltransferase Prmt5. MuSC-specific inactivation of Prmt5 in adult mice prevents expansion of MuSC, abolishes long-term MuSC maintenance and abrogates skeletal muscle regeneration. Interestingly, Prmt5 is dispensable for proliferation and differentiation of Pax7(+) myogenic progenitor cells during mouse embryonic development, indicating significant differences between embryonic and adult myogenesis. Mechanistic studies reveal that Prmt5 controls proliferation of adult MuSC by direct epigenetic silencing of the cell cycle inhibitor p21. We reason that Prmt5 generates a poised state that keeps MuSC in a standby mode, thus allowing rapid MuSC amplification under disease conditions. Overall design: RNA from cultured satellite cells on Ion torrent sequencer
RNA-Seq analysis of isolated satellite cells in Prmt5 deficient mice.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesTo identify genes that are regulated from the lncRNA ANRIL (EXON 13), we designed inducible short hairpin RNA constructs and stable integrated them into HEK cells
The large non-coding RNA ANRIL, which is associated with atherosclerosis, periodontitis and several forms of cancer, regulates ADIPOR1, VAMP3 and C11ORF10.
Disease
View SamplesThe human bone marrow (BM) gives rise to all distinct blood cell lineages, including CD1c+ and CD141+ myeloid dendritic cells (DC) and monocytes. These cell subsets are also present in peripheral blood (PB) and lymphoid tissues. However, the difference between the BM and PB compartment in terms of differentiation state and immunological role of DC is not yet known. The BM may represent both a site for development as well as a possible effector site and so far, little is known in this light with respect to different DC subsets. Using genome-wide transcriptional profiling we found clear differences between the BM and PB compartment and a location-dependent clustering for CD1c+ and CD141+ was demonstrated. DC subsets from BM clustered together and separate from the corresponding subsets from PB, which similarly formed a cluster. In BM, a common proliferating and immature differentiating state was observed for the two DC subsets, whereas DC from the PB showed a more immune-activated mature profile. In contrast, BM-derived slan+ non-classical monocytes were closely related to their PB counterparts and not to DC subsets, implying a homogenous prolife irrespective of anatomical localization. Additional functional tests confirmed these transcriptional findings. DC-like functions were prominently exhibited by PB DC. They surpassed BM DC in maturation capacity, cytokine production and induction of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation. This first study on myeloid DC in healthy human BM offers new information on steady-state DC biology and could potentially serve as a starting point for further research on these immune cells in healthy conditions as well as in diseases.
Human Bone Marrow-Derived Myeloid Dendritic Cells Show an Immature Transcriptional and Functional Profile Compared to Their Peripheral Blood Counterparts and Separate from Slan+ Non-Classical Monocytes.
Specimen part
View SamplesAbstract: Human 6-sulfo LacNac (slan)+ cells have been subject to a paradigm debate. They have previously been classified as a distinct dendritic cell (DC) subset. However, evidence has emerged that they may be more related to monocytes than to DC. To gain deeper insight into the functional specialization of slan+ cells, we have compared them with both conventional myeloid DC subsets (CD1c+ and CD141+) in human peripheral blood. Using genome-wide transcriptional profiling as well as extensive functional tests, we clearly show that slan+ cells form a distinct, non-DC-like, population. They cluster away from both DC subsets and their gene expression profile evidently suggests involvement in distinct inflammatory processes. An extensive comparison with existing genomic data sets also strongly confirmed the relationship of slan+ with the monocytic compartment rather than with DC. From a functional perspective, their ability to induce CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation is relatively low. Combined with the finding that antigen presentation by MHC class II is at the top of under-represented pathways in slan+ cells, this points to a minimal role in directing adaptive T cell immunity. Rather, the higher expression of complement receptors on their cell surface, together with their high secretion of IL-1 and IL-6, imply a specific role in innate inflammatory processes, which is consistent with their recent identification as non-classical monocytes. This study extends our knowledge on DC/monocyte subset biology under steady state conditions and contributes to our understanding of their role in immune-mediated diseases and their potential use in immunotherapeutic strategies.
Transcriptional profiling reveals functional dichotomy between human slan<sup>+</sup> non-classical monocytes and myeloid dendritic cells.
Specimen part
View Sampleswe report single cell expression profiles of embryonic cells (from day 5 to 11) of pig embryo development. Overall design: single cell transcriptomes were generated from 220 cells obtained from 28 embryos (15 male and 13 female)
Pluripotency and X chromosome dynamics revealed in pig pre-gastrulating embryos by single cell analysis.
Specimen part, Subject
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