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accession-icon GSE64756
Gene expression data from transgenic and knockout mice
  • organism-icon Mus musculus
  • sample-icon 6 Downloadable Samples
  • Technology Badge Icon Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array (mouse4302)

Description

Activation of oncogenic ras pathway accounts for up to 90% low-grade superficial urothelial carcinomas of bladder, and p53 deficiency is very common in high-grade muscle invasive carcinomas. These two pathways in bladder urothelial tumorigenesis used to be considered divergent and their potential collaboration has not been illustrated.

Publication Title

Oncogenic HRAS Activates Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Confers Stemness to p53-Deficient Urothelial Cells to Drive Muscle Invasion of Basal Subtype Carcinomas.

Sample Metadata Fields

Age, Specimen part

View Samples
accession-icon GSE8564
Analysis of Aire effects on individual mice of different genetic backgrounds
  • organism-icon Mus musculus
  • sample-icon 19 Downloadable Samples
  • Technology Badge Icon Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array (mouse4302)

Description

We compared gene expression profiles of aire-deficient and wild-type littermate thymic medullary epithelial cells. This was done in order to determine whether Aire's effects differed among strains, and also among individuals of the same strain.

Publication Title

The variable immunological self: genetic variation and nongenetic noise in Aire-regulated transcription.

Sample Metadata Fields

Sex

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accession-icon GSE5245
Profiling of CD4+ T cells responding to transient or persistent antigen presented by dendritic cells in vivo
  • organism-icon Mus musculus
  • sample-icon 16 Downloadable Samples
  • Technology Badge Icon Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array (mouse4302)

Description

These experiments were done to compare the gene expression profiles in CD4+ T cells responding to antigen presented by dendritic cells transiently or persistently. Some treatments include the activation of the dendritic cells by CD40 engagement.

Publication Title

Sustained antigen presentation can promote an immunogenic T cell response, like dendritic cell activation.

Sample Metadata Fields

Specimen part

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accession-icon GSE7460
Contribution of Foxp3 to the Treg signature
  • organism-icon Mus musculus
  • sample-icon 52 Downloadable Samples
  • Technology Badge Icon Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array (mouse4302)

Description

The transcription factor Foxp3 is usually considered the master regulator for the CD4+CD25+ "Treg" lineage, which plays a key role in controlling immune and autoimmune responses, and is characterized by a unique transcriptional signature. We have performed a meta-analysis of this signature in Treg cells in several conditions to delineate the elements that can be ascribed to T cell activation, TGFbeta signaling, or Foxp3 itself. We find that these influences synergize to activate many of the signatures components. Foxp3 and TGFbeta signaling have interconnected relationships, as Foxp3 is induced by TGFbeta while enhancing TGFbetas positive feedback loop. Much of the Treg signature cannot be ascribed to Foxp3, as it contains gene clusters that are co-regulated, but cannot be transactivated, by Foxp3. This suggests that the Treg lineage is specified at a higher level of regulation, upstream of Foxp3, which does control some of the lineages essential immunoregulatory attributes.

Publication Title

Foxp3 transcription-factor-dependent and -independent regulation of the regulatory T cell transcriptional signature.

Sample Metadata Fields

Age, Specimen part

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accession-icon GSE12200
Ebp1's effect in prostate cancer
  • organism-icon Homo sapiens
  • sample-icon 2 Downloadable Samples
  • Technology Badge Icon Affymetrix Human Genome U133A 2.0 Array (hgu133a2)

Description

Therapies targeting the androgen receptor are critical for treatment of hormone refractory prostate cancer. We have previously demonstrated that Ebp1, a protein isolated by its ability to bind ErbB3, is a downstream effector of heregulin activated pathways and an AR corepressor. As Ebp1 is decreased in preclinical models of hormone refractory prostate cancer, we studied the ability of Ebp1 to mitigate the hormone refractory phenotype. As we previously found that Ebp1 affected the expression of some androgen receptor target genes, we sought to determine a full spectrum of genes changed using an unbiased appraoch by microarry analysis.

Publication Title

EBP1, an ErbB3-binding protein, is decreased in prostate cancer and implicated in hormone resistance.

Sample Metadata Fields

No sample metadata fields

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accession-icon SRP155901
KLF4 as a rheostat of osteolysis and osteogenesis in prostate tumors in the bone
  • organism-icon Homo sapiens
  • sample-icon 8 Downloadable Samples
  • Technology Badge IconIllumina HiSeq 2500

Description

We previously found that KLF4, a gene highly expressed in adult prostate stem cells, blocks the progression of indolent intraepithelial prostatic lesions into aggressive and rapidly growing tumors. To test whether this anti-cancer effect of KLF4 can also prevent prostate cancer-induced damage to the bone, we ablated KLF4 in human PC3 prostate cancer cells using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing and compared their behavior to null cells transduced with a DOX inducible KLF4 expression system. KLF4 re-expression inhibited growth of PC3 null cells in monolayer and as colonies in soft agar in a dose-dependent manner. When injected into the mouse femurs, PC3 null cells proliferated rapidly, forming very large, invasive and osteolytic tumors. Induction of KLF4 expression in PC3 null cells immediately after their intra-femoral inoculation blocked the development of tumors while preserving the normal bone architecture. KLF4 re-expression in established PC3 bone tumors inhibited osteolytic effects of PC3 null cells, preventing bone fractures and inducing a significant osteogenic response with regions of new bone formation. Transcriptome analyses of PC3 cells with no or high KLF4 expression revealed KLF4-dependent osteolytic or osteogenic transcriptional programs, respectively. Importantly, these KLF4-dependent functions significantly overlapped with metastatic prostate cancers in patients. Overall design: Uninfected PC3 KLF4 wild-type cells and uninfected PC3 KLF4 null cells were grown for 48 hours and collected for RNA extraction. Another cohort of PC3 KLF4 null cells was infected with lentiviruses expressing a DOX inducible KLF4 expression construct (BFP-T2A-hKLF4) or the control empty vector (BFP-T2A). After 48 hours, DOX (10 ng/ml) was added to the culture medium to induce KLF4 expression. Control and KLF4-overexpressing cells were collected for RNA extraction after a 48-hour incubation with DOX. Total RNA was extracted using the RNeasy kit (Qiagen, CA, USA). RNA-Seq libraries were prepared with the TruSeq sample preparation kit (Illumina, CA, USA).

Publication Title

KLF4 as a rheostat of osteolysis and osteogenesis in prostate tumors in the bone.

Sample Metadata Fields

Specimen part, Cell line, Treatment, Subject

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accession-icon GSE14986
Antiestrogen-resistant subclones of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells are derived from a common clonal drug-resistant progenitor
  • organism-icon Homo sapiens
  • sample-icon 25 Downloadable Samples
  • Technology Badge Icon Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)

Description

Emergence of antiestrogen-resistant cells in MCF-7 cells during suppression of estrogen signaling is a widely accepted model of acquired breast cancer resistance to endocrine therapy. To obtain insight into the genomic basis of endocrine therapy resistance, we characterized MCF-7 monoclonal sublines that survived 21-day exposure to tamoxifen (T-series sublines) or fulvestrant (F-series sublines) and sublines unselected by drugs (U-series). All T/F-sublines were resistant to the cytocidal effects of both tamoxifen and fulvestrant. However, their responses to the cytostatic effects of fulvestrant varied greatly, and their remarkably diversified morphology showed no correlation with drug resistance. mRNA expression profiles of the U-sublines differed significantly from those of the T/F-sublines, whose transcriptomal responsiveness to fulvestrant was largely lost. A set of genes strongly expressed in the U-sublines successfully predicted metastasis-free survival of breast cancer patients. Most T/F-sublines shared highly homogeneous genomic DNA aberration patterns that were distinct from those of the U-sublines. Genomic DNA of the U-sublines harbored many aberrations that were not found in the T/F-sublines. These results suggest that the T/F-sublines are derived from a common monoclonal progenitor that lost transcriptomal responsiveness to antiestrogens as a consequence of genetic abnormalities many population doublings ago, not from the antiestrogen-sensitive cells in the same culture during the exposure to antiestrogens. Thus, the apparent acquisition of antiestrogen resistance by MCF-7 cells reflects selection of preexisting drug-resistant subpopulations without involving changes in individual cells. Our results suggest the importance of clonal selection in endocrine therapy resistance of breast cancer.

Publication Title

Antiestrogen-resistant subclones of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells are derived from a common monoclonal drug-resistant progenitor.

Sample Metadata Fields

Specimen part, Cell line, Treatment

View Samples
accession-icon GSE13818
Small molecule inhibitors of HIF-2a translation link its 5-UTR Iron-Responsive Element (IRE) to oxygen sensing
  • organism-icon Homo sapiens
  • sample-icon 24 Downloadable Samples
  • Technology Badge Icon Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)

Description

Cells transiently adapt to hypoxia by globally decreasing protein translation. However, specific proteins needed to respond to hypoxia evade this translational repression. The mechanisms of this phenomenon remain unclear. We screened for and identified small molecules that selectively decrease HIF-2a translation in an mTOR independent manner, by enhancing the binding of Iron Regulatory Protein 1 (IRP1) to a recently reported Iron-Responsive Element (IRE) within the 5-untranslated region (UTR) of the HIF-2a message. Knocking down the expression of IRP1 by shRNA abolished the effect of the compounds. Hypoxia de-represses HIF-2a translation by disrupting the IRP1- HIF-2a IRE interaction. Thus, this chemical genetic analysis describes a molecular mechanism by which translation of the HIF-2a message is maintained during conditions of cellular hypoxia through inhibition of IRP-1 dependent repression. It also provides the chemical tools for studying this phenomenon.

Publication Title

Small-molecule inhibitors of HIF-2a translation link its 5'UTR iron-responsive element to oxygen sensing.

Sample Metadata Fields

No sample metadata fields

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accession-icon SRP115944
Cannabinoid Modulation of Eukaryotic Initiation Factors (eIF2a and eIF2B1) and Behavioral Cross-Sensitization to Cocaine in Adolescent Rats
  • organism-icon Rattus norvegicus
  • sample-icon 12 Downloadable Samples
  • Technology Badge IconIllumina HiSeq 3000

Description

Reduced eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2 (eIF2)a phosphorylation (p-eIF2a) enhances protein synthesis, memory formation, and addiction-like behaviors. However, p-eIF2a has not been examined with regard to psychoactive cannabinoids and cross-sensitization. Here, we find that a cannabinoid receptor agonist (WIN 55,212-2 mesylate [WIN]) reduced p-eIF2a in vitro by upregulating GADD34 (PPP1R15A), the recruiter of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). The induction of GADD34 was linked to ERK/CREB signaling and to CREB-binding protein (CBP)-mediated histone hyperacetylation at the Gadd34 locus. In vitro, WIN also upregulated eIF2B1, an eIF2 activator subunit. We next found that WIN administration in vivo reduced p-eIF2a in the nucleus accumbens of adolescent, but not adult, rats. By contrast, WIN increased dorsal striatal levels of eIF2B1 and ?FosB among both adolescents and adults. In addition, we found cross-sensitization between WIN and cocaine only among adolescents. These findings show that cannabinoids can modulate eukaryotic initiation factors, and they suggest a possible link between p-eIF2a and the gateway drug properties of psychoactive cannabinoids. Overall design: RNAseq from PC12 cell line with a 6 hour DMSO or WIN treatment.

Publication Title

Cannabinoid Modulation of Eukaryotic Initiation Factors (eIF2α and eIF2B1) and Behavioral Cross-Sensitization to Cocaine in Adolescent Rats.

Sample Metadata Fields

No sample metadata fields

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accession-icon GSE15582
Over expression of mRNA for multiple genes including insulin in the PLN of NOD is associated with Islet Autoimmunity
  • organism-icon Mus musculus
  • sample-icon 9 Downloadable Samples
  • Technology Badge Icon Affymetrix Murine Genome U74A Version 2 Array (mgu74av2)

Description

The aim of this study is to identify genes implicated in the early steps of the autoimmune process, prior to inflammation in type 1 diabetes. Early Insulin AutoAntibodies (E-IAA) have been used as subphenotypic marker to select individual animals as type 1 diabetes prone and to compare gene expression patterns with insulin autoantibody negative NOD.

Publication Title

Early over expression of messenger RNA for multiple genes, including insulin, in the Pancreatic Lymph Nodes of NOD mice is associated with Islet Autoimmunity.

Sample Metadata Fields

Age

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refine.bio is a repository of uniformly processed and normalized, ready-to-use transcriptome data from publicly available sources. refine.bio is a project of the Childhood Cancer Data Lab (CCDL)

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Cite refine.bio

Casey S. Greene, Dongbo Hu, Richard W. W. Jones, Stephanie Liu, David S. Mejia, Rob Patro, Stephen R. Piccolo, Ariel Rodriguez Romero, Hirak Sarkar, Candace L. Savonen, Jaclyn N. Taroni, William E. Vauclain, Deepashree Venkatesh Prasad, Kurt G. Wheeler. refine.bio: a resource of uniformly processed publicly available gene expression datasets.
URL: https://www.refine.bio

Note that the contributor list is in alphabetical order as we prepare a manuscript for submission.

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