Despite 20 years since its discovery, the gene responsible for Huntington’s Disease, HTT, has still not had its function or transcriptional profile completely characterized. In response to a recent report by Ruzo et al. of several novel splice forms of HTT in human embryonic stem cell lines, we have analyzed a set of mRNA sequencing datasets from post mortem human brain from Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and neurologically normal control subjects to evaluate support for previously observed and to identify novel splice patterns. A custom analysis pipeline produced supporting evidence for some of the results reported by two previous studies of alternative isoforms as well as identifying previously unreported splice patterns. All of the alternative splice patterns were of relatively low abundance compared to the canonical splice form. Overall design: 29 Huntington''s Disease, 29 Parkinson''s Disease, and 50 Neurologically normal control samples from human post-mortem prefrontal cortex
Evidence of Extensive Alternative Splicing in Post Mortem Human Brain HTT Transcription by mRNA Sequencing.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesWe performed gene expression microarray analysis of the hypothalamic response to starvation in neonatal wild-type mice, and in Snord116del mice that are a mouse model for PWS. This study is motivated by the neonatal feeding problems observed in several genetic diseases including Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Later in life, individuals with PWS develop hyperphagia and obesity due to lack of appetite control. We hypothesize that failure to thrive in infancy and later-onset hyperphagia may be related and could be due to a defect in the hypothalamus. In this study, we performed gene expression microarray analysis of the hypothalamic response to starvation in neonatal wild-type mice, and in Snord116del mice that are a mouse model for PWS. The neonatal starvation response was dramatically different from that reported in adult rodents. Genes that are affected by adult starvation are not changed in the hypothalamus of 5 day-old pups that were starved for 6 hrs. Unlike in adult rodents, expression levels of Nanos2 and Pdk4 were increased, and those of Pgpep1, Ndph, Brms1l, Mett10d, and Snx1 were decreased after fasting. In addition, we compared hypothalamic gene expression profiles at days 5 and 13 to document developmental changes. Notably, the gene expression profiles of Snord116del deletion mice and wild-type littermates were very similar at both postnatal days 5 and 13, and after starvation.
Neonatal maternal deprivation response and developmental changes in gene expression revealed by hypothalamic gene expression profiling in mice.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesAnalysis of gene expression in isolated mouse lung dendritic cells isolated during influenza A virus infection, with and without activaiton of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Overall design: To determine genome wide changes in dendritic cells mediated by aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation
Genome-Wide Transcriptional Analysis Reveals Novel AhR Targets That Regulate Dendritic Cell Function during Influenza A Virus Infection.
Cell line, Subject
View SamplesWe report the impact of side-stream cigarette smoking on baseline tracriptional status of enriched epithelium from the distal lung of both male and female control mice or mice harboring a mutation in the nicotinc alpha7 recptor that selectivley diminshes the calcium current (E260A). Overall design: Mice (male or female) of each nicotinic recptor alpha7 genotype (Control (c) or mutant (E260A)) were exposed to side-stream cigarette smoke 5 days per week for four months. The distal lung epithelium was enriched and poly-adenylated strand-specific RNA-Seq libraries using Illumina TruSeq stranded mRNA were preared for analysis.
Lung epithelial response to cigarette smoke and modulation by the nicotinic alpha 7 receptor.
Sex, Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesThe Atss3 mutant and WT plants were arranged according to a Randomized Complete Block Design. The plants were planted in rows with seven rows in each flat; two plants of the same genotype/pot. Plants were grown under a SD photoperiod (8 h light/16 h dark) in a growth chamber as described. Eight randomly selected rows were harvested for each time point from different flats. Plant material was harvested at five time points in the diurnal cycle (1, 4, 8.5, 12, and 16 h; Time 0 is the beginning of the light period); harvesting was conducted under a green safety light. Each sample consisted of rosette leaves (leaves 5 to 8, staged following Bowmann (1994); photosynthetically active (Stessman et al., 2002)) from sixteen six-week-old plants. Leaf samples were frozen in liquid N2 immediately after harvest and stored at -80C for RNA extraction. The experiment was done twice and independent randomizations for plant growth and harvest were used for the two replicates.
Identification of the novel protein QQS as a component of the starch metabolic network in Arabidopsis leaves.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesInhibin knockout (Inha-/-) female mice develop sex cord-stromal ovarian cancer with complete penetrance and previous studies demonstrate that the pituitary gonadotropins [follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)] are influential modifiers of granulosa cell tumor development and progression in inhibin-deficient females. Recent studies have demonstrated that Inha-/- ovarian follicles develop precociously to the early antral stage in prepubertal mice without any increase in serum FSH and these studies suggested that in the absence of inhibins, granulosa cells differentiate abnormally, and thus at sexual maturity may undergo an abnormal response to gonadotropin signaling. To test this hypothesis, we stimulated immature WT and Inha-/- female mice prior to gross tumor formation with gonadotropin analogs, and subsequently examined post-gonadotropin induced ovarian follicle development, as well as preovulatory and hCG-induced gene expression changes in granulosa cells. We find that at three weeks of age, inhibin-deficient ovaries do not show further antral development nor undergo cumulus expansion. Widespread alterations in the transcriptome of gonadotropin-treated Inha-/- granulosa cells suggest that gonadotropins initiate an improper program of cell differentiation in Inha-/- cells. Overall, our experiments reveal that inhibins are essential for the normal gonadotropin-dependent response of granulosa cells.
Defective gonadotropin-dependent ovarian folliculogenesis and granulosa cell gene expression in inhibin-deficient mice.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesRNA-seq transcriptome measurements are typically performed by isolating RNA from large numbers of cells in culture or tissues. While highly informative, such experiments mask the variability in gene expression patterns that exists between individual cells. To gain insight into the dynamics of gene expression on the level of single-cells, we have carried out the transcriptomes of single-cells from the GM12878 cell line using RNA-seq. Overall design: Single GM12878 cells were picked and RNA-seq libraries were generated using the SMART-seq protocol. We also carried out RNA-seq experiments on pools of 10, 30 and 100 cells, on 100pg and 10ng of total RNA, and on pools of 10 cells that were subsequently split into 10 separate sample and processed as if they were single cells in order to assess technical variation in our experiments.
From single-cell to cell-pool transcriptomes: stochasticity in gene expression and RNA splicing.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesUsing Drop-seq, we generated high-throughput single-cell expression data from wild-type and four mutant models with male infertility phenotype. Our study demonstrates the applicability of single-cell RNA-sequencing in study of male gonadal dysfunction and provides cell atlas resource for testis. Overall design: Drop-seq was performed on FACS sorted germ cell populations, wild-type whole testes and mutant whole testes. Different experimental batches for wild-type and mutant strains were generated.
Unified single-cell analysis of testis gene regulation and pathology in five mouse strains.
Sex, Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesUrothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder (UCC) is a common disease characterized by FGFR3 mutation. Whilst upregulation of this oncogene occurs most frequently in low-grade non-invasive tumors, recent data reveal increased FGFR3 expression characterizes a common sub-type of invasive UCC sharing genetic similarities with lobular breast cancer. These similarities include upregulation of the FOXA1 transcription factor and reduced expression of microRNAs-99a/100. We have previously identified direct regulation of FGFR3 by these two microRNAs and now search for further targets. Using a microarray meta-database we find potential FOXA1 regulation by microRNAs-99a/100. We confirm direct targeting of the FOXA1 3UTR by microRNAs-99a/100 and also potential indirect regulation through microRNA-485-5p/SOX5/JUN-D/FOXL1 and microRNA-486/FOXO1a. In 292 benign and malignant urothelial samples, we find an inverse correlation between the expression of FOXA1 and microRNAs-99a/100 (r=-0.33 to -0.43, p<0.05). As for FGFR3 in UCC, tumors with high FOXA1 expression have lower rates of progression than those with low expression (Log rank p=0.009). Using global gene expression and CpG methylation profiling we find genotypic consequences of FOXA1 upregulation in UCC. These are associated with regional hypomethylation and near FOXA1 binding sites, and mirror patterns previously reported in FGFR3 mutant UCC. These include gene silencing through aberrant hypermethylation (e.g. IGFBP3) and affect genes that characterize lobular breast cancer (e.g. ERBB2, XBP1). In conclusion, we have identified microRNAs-99a/100 mediate a direct relationship between FGFR3 and FOXA1, and potentially facilitate cross talk between these pathways in UCC.
MicroRNA-99a and 100 mediated upregulation of FOXA1 in bladder cancer.
Cell line
View SamplesOT-I T cells were exposed to CpG ODN-activated CCR5ko Lymph nodes for 6 h, stained for surface CCR5 and FACS-sorted into CCR5+ and CCR5- fractions
Transient Surface CCR5 Expression by Naive CD8+ T Cells within Inflamed Lymph Nodes Is Dependent on High Endothelial Venule Interaction and Augments Th Cell-Dependent Memory Response.
Specimen part
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