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GSE24434
Homo sapiens
18 Downloadable Samples
Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 ST Array (hugene10st)
Description
Human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) is a highly prevalent pathogen that, upon primary infection, establishes life-long persistence in all infected individuals. Acute hCMV infections cause a variety of diseases in humans with developmental or acquired immune deficits. In addition, persistent hCMV infection may contribute to various chronic disease conditions even in immunologically normal people. The pathogenesis of hCMV disease has been frequently linked to inflammatory host immune responses triggered by virus-infected cells. Moreover, hCMV infection activates numerous host genes many of which encode pro-inflammatory proteins. However, little is known about the relative contributions of individual viral gene products to these changes in cellular transcription. We systematically analyzed the effects of the hCMV 72-kDa immediate-early 1 (IE1) protein, a major transcriptional activator and antagonist of type I interferon (IFN) signaling, on the human transcriptome. Following expression under conditions closely mimicking the situation during productive infection, IE1 elicits a global type II IFN-like host cell response. This response is dominated by the selective up-regulation of immune stimulatory genes normally controlled by IFN-gamma and includes the synthesis and secretion of pro-inflammatory chemokines. IE1-mediated induction of IFN-stimulated genes strictly depends on tyrosine-phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and correlates with the nuclear accumulation and sequence-specific binding of STAT1 to IFN-gamma-responsive promoters. However, neither synthesis nor secretion of IFN-gamma or other IFNs seems to be required for the IE1-dependent effects on cellular gene expression. Our results demonstrate that a single hCMV protein can trigger a pro-inflammatory host transcriptional response via an unexpected STAT1-dependent but IFN-independent mechanism and identify IE1 as a candidate determinant of hCMV pathogenicity.
Publication Title
Human cytomegalovirus IE1 protein elicits a type II interferon-like host cell response that depends on activated STAT1 but not interferon-γ.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Cell line
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 7 Downloadable Samples
Illumina Genome Analyzer II
Description
Here we characterize the changes in the forebrain transcriptome resulting from the deletion of the transcription factor Lhx6, generated by RNA-seq technology with biologic replication. Lhx6 is an essential regulatory gene in the development of cortical interneurons generated in the medial ganglionic eminences of the embryonic brain. This data contains insights into gene networks important for the development of medial ganglionic eminence derived interneurons. Overall design: Forebrain total RNA profiles of 15-day old Lhx6 heterozygote (Het) and Lhx6 null mice were generated by deep sequencing, using Illumina GAIIx. Mutant allele used was Lhx6tm2Vpa (MGI:3702518). Each individual sample was comprised of two animals. Four samples for Lhx6 Het and three samples for Lhx6 null mice were generated and analysed in parallel.
Publication Title
Modulation of Apoptosis Controls Inhibitory Interneuron Number in the Cortex.
Sample Metadata Fields
Cell line, Subject
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 8 Downloadable Samples
- IlluminaHiSeq2000
Description
Neuroblastoma cell lines can differentiate upon retinoic acid (RA) treatment, a finding that provided the basis for the clinical use of RA to treat neuroblastoma. However, resistance to RA is often observed, which limits its clinical utility. Using a gain-of-function genetic screen we identify the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like 3 (MAML3) as a gene whose ectopic expression confers resistance to RA. We find that MAML3 expression leads to loss of activation of a subset of RA target genes, which hampers RA-induced differentiation. The regulatory DNA elements of this subset of RA target genes show overlap in binding of MAML3 and the retinoic acid receptor, suggesting a role for MAML3 in the regulation of these genes. In addition, MAML3 has RA independent functions, including the activation of IGF1R and downstream AKT signaling via upregulation of IGF2, resulting in increased proliferation. Our results indicate an important role for MAML3 in differentiation and proliferation of neuroblastomas. Overall design: RNA-seq of SK-N-SH control and MAML3 overexpressing (SD3.23) cells, either untreated (UT) or treated with 1 µM RA (RA).
Publication Title
Mastermind-Like 3 Controls Proliferation and Differentiation in Neuroblastoma.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 6 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina HiSeq 2000
Description
The hematological malignancies classified as Mixed Lineage leukemias (MLL) harbor fusions of the MLL1 gene to partners that are members of transcriptional elongation complexes. MLL-rearranged leukemias are associated with extremely poor prognosis and response to conventional therapies and efforts to identify molecular targets are urgently needed. Using mouse models of MLL-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia (AML), here we show that genetic inactivation or small molecule inhibition of the protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 exhibit anti-tumoral activity in MLL-fusion protein driven transformation. Genome wide transcriptional analysis revealed that inhibition of PRMT5 methyltransferase activity overrides the differentiation block in leukemia cells without affecting the expression of MLL-fusion direct oncogenic targets. Furthermore, we find that this differentiation block is mediated by transcriptional silencing of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 (CDKN1a) gene in leukemia cells. Our study provides pre-clinical rationale for targeting PRMT5 using small molecule inhibitors in the treatment of leukemias harboring MLL-rearrangements. Overall design: RNA-seq data from 72h-treated DMSO and EPZ 015666 (PRMT5i) MLL-ENL/NrasG12D leukemia cells, three independent replicates.
Publication Title
Genetic deletion or small-molecule inhibition of the arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 exhibit anti-tumoral activity in mouse models of MLL-rearranged AML.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Treatment, Subject
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 24 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina HiSeq 4000
Description
To ask whether MANF contributes to the rejuvenating effects of heterochronic parabiosis, we generated heterochronic pairs in which 20 month old WT mice were combined with either 4 month old MANFHet (O-YgHet) or WT (O-YgWT) littermates, and maintained for 5 weeks before analysis. Control pairs in which old WT mice were combined together (O-O) were used. Livers were collected from each animal in the pair and RNA was sequenced for 5 independent animals/condition. Overall design: RNA was extracted and sequenced for 5 animals/condition
Publication Title
MANF regulates metabolic and immune homeostasis in ageing and protects against liver damage.
Sample Metadata Fields
Age, Subject
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 86 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina HiSeq 2500
Description
The Androgen Receptor (AR) is the key-driving transcription factor in prostate cancer, tightly controlled by epigenetic regulation. To date, most epigenetic profiling has been performed in cell lines or limited tissue samples. To comprehensively study the epigenetic landscape, we complemented RNA-seq with ChIP-seq for AR and histone modification marks (H3K27ac, H3K4me3, H3K27me3) in 100 primary prostate carcinomas. Integrative molecular subtyping of the five data streams revealed three major subtypes of which two were clearly TMPRSS2-ERG dictated. Importantly, a third novel subtype was identified, with low AR chromatin binding and activity, even though the receptor was clearly expressed. While positive for neuroendocrine-hallmark genes, these tumors were copy number-neutral with low mutation burden, significantly depleted for genes characteristic of poor-outcome associated luminal B-subtype. We present a rich novel resource on transcriptional and epigenetic control in prostate cancer, revealing a tight control of gene regulation differentially dictated by AR over the three subtypes. Overall design: RNA-seq data for primary prostate carcinomas
Publication Title
Integrative epigenetic taxonomy of primary prostate cancer.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Subject
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 27 Downloadable Samples
- Ion Torrent Proton
Description
Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) can occur at more than half of all human genes, greatly enhancing the cellular repertoire of mRNA isoforms. As these isoforms can have altered stability, localisation and coding potential, deregulation of APA can disrupt gene expression and this has been linked to many diseases including cancer progression. How APA generates cancer-specific isoform profiles and what their physiological consequences are, however, is largely unclear. Here we use a subcellular fractionation approach to determine the nuclear and cytoplasmic APA profiles of successive stages of colon cancer using a cell line-based model. Using this approach, we show that during cancer progression specific APA profiles are established. We identify that overexpression of hnRNPC has a critical role in the establishment of APA profiles characteristic for metastatic colon cancer cells, by regulating poly(A) site selection in a subset of genes that have been implicated in cancer progression including MTHFD1L. Overall design: RNA was extracted from nuclear and cytoplasmic subcellular fractions from two biological replicates of the following cell lines: the non-malignant adult-derived human male colonic epithelial 1CT cell line and the SW480 and SW620 cell lines, which both derive from the same patient. The SW480 cell line was established from a Dukes' type B primary adenocarcinoma of the colon and the SW620 cell line was derived from a lymph node after cancer recurred with widespread metastasis. The 3' ends of extracted RNA were generated into libraries using the QuantSeq 3'mRNA-Seq library kit (Lexogen). Libraries were processed on the Ion Chef platform and subsequently sequenced on the Ion Proton system. Sequences were aligned using the Ion Torrent Server TMAP aligner to genome build hg19. RNA was also extracted from nuclear and cytoplasmic subcellular fractions from two biological replicates in SW620 cells following siRNA knockdown of HNRNPC, ELAVL1, or a control knockdown using scrambled siRNA. The 3' ends of extracted RNA were processed and sequenced as before.
Publication Title
hnRNPC regulates cancer-specific alternative cleavage and polyadenylation profiles.
Sample Metadata Fields
Cell line, Subject
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 29 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina HiSeq 2000
Description
Regulator of G protein signaling z1 (RGSz1), a member of the RGS family of proteins, is present in several networks expressing mu opioid receptors (MOPR). By using genetic mouse models for global or brain region-targeted manipulations of RGSz1 expression, we demonstrate that the suppression of RGSz1 function increases the analgesic efficacy of MOPR agonists in male and female mice and delays the development of morphine tolerance while decreasing the sensitivity to rewarding and locomotor activating effects. Using biochemical assays and next-generation RNA sequencing, we identified a key role of RGSz1 in the periaqueductal gray (PAG) in morphine tolerance. Chronic morphine administration promotes RGSz1 activity in the PAG, which in turn modulates transcription mediated by the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway to promote analgesic tolerance to morphine. Conversely, the suppression of RGSz1 function stabilizes Axin2-Gaz complexes near the membrane and promotes ß-catenin activation, thereby delaying the development of analgesic tolerance. These data show that the regulation of RGS complexes, particularly those involving RGSz1-Gaz, represents a promising target for optimizing the analgesic actions of opioids without increasing the risk of dependence or addiction. Overall design: Understanding the impact of morphine tolerance and the influence of RGSz1 on gene expression in the PAG
Publication Title
Suppression of RGSz1 function optimizes the actions of opioid analgesics by mechanisms that involve the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Specimen part, Treatment, Subject
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 18 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina HiSeq 2000
Description
The striatal protein Regulator of G protein signaling-2 (RGS9-2) plays a key modulatory role in opioid, monoamine and other GPCR responses. Here, we use the murine spared-nerve injury model of neuropathic pain to investigate the mechanism by which RGS9-2 in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a brain region involved in mood reward and motivation, modulates the actions of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). Prevention of RGS9-2 action in the NAc increases the efficacy of the TCA desipramine and dramatically accelerates its onset of action. By controlling the activation of effector molecules by G protein a and bg subunits, RGS9-2 affects several protein interactions, phosphoprotein levels, and the function of the epigenetic modifier histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5), that are important for TCA responsiveness. Furthermore, information from RNA-seq analysis reveals that RGS9-2 in the NAc affects the expression of many genes known to be involved in nociception, analgesia and antidepressant drug actions. Our findings provide novel information on NAc-specific cellular mechanisms that mediate the actions of TCAs in neuropathic pain states. Overall design: The RNAseq study was designed in order to reveal the impact of RGS9-2 on gene regulation in the Nucleus Accumbens under neuropathic pain and antidepressant treatment conditions. A total of 18 samples was used, coprising 6 different groups , and each group consisted of three different biological replicates.
Publication Title
RGS9-2--controlled adaptations in the striatum determine the onset of action and efficacy of antidepressants in neuropathic pain states.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 13 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 ST Array (hugene10st)
Description
Sorafenib leads to a survival benefit in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma but its use is hampered by the occurrence of drug resistance. To investigate the molecular mechanisms involved we developed five resistant human liver cell lines in which we studied morphology, gene expression and invasive potential. The cells changed their appearance, lost E-cadherin and KRT19 and showed high expression of vimentin, indicating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Resistant cells showed reduced adherent growth, became more invasive and lost liver-specific gene expression. Furthermore, following withdrawal of sorafenib, the resistant cells showed rebound growth, a phenomenon also found in patients. This cell model was further used to investigate strategies for restoration of sensitivity to sorafenib.
Publication Title
Long-term exposure to sorafenib of liver cancer cells induces resistance with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, increased invasion and risk of rebound growth.
Sample Metadata Fields
Cell line
View Samples