We''ve developed a new Method to Analyze RNA following Intracellular Sorting (MARIS) allowing us to carry out gene expression studies on cells sorted based on intracellular immunoflourescence. The purpose of this study is to determine the degree of bias that MARIS introduces on gene expression. We report RNA-seq gene expression data from human embryonic stem cells differentiated to a stage in which insulin-expressing cells are present. Gene expression data using RNA isolated from live cells is compared to gene expression data using RNA isolated from MARIS processed cells (fixed, permeabilized, antibody stained and mock sorted) to determine the degree of correlation in gene expression between these two biologically identical samples. Overall design: Human embryonic stem cells are differentiated to a stage in which insulin-expressing cells are present and split into two biologically identical samples. RNA is immediately isolated from one sample using the RNeasy protocol (live sample). RNA is isolated from the second sample following MARIS (processed sample) with all cells collected after the sort in order to keep the cell type composition between the live and processed samples the same.
MARIS: method for analyzing RNA following intracellular sorting.
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View SamplesEicosanoids are potent regulators of gene expression of inflammatory cells. Pro- (leukotrienes B4 and C4) and anti-indflammatory (lipoxins A4 and B4) eicosanoids have been described in the literature but the detailed impact of these lipid mediators on the gene expression pattern of monocytic cells has not been studied in detail. We cultured the permanent monocytic cell line MonoMac 6 for 12 h in the absence (solvent control) and presence of these eicosanoids and quantified the differential gene expression patterns using the microarray technology.
Gene expression alterations of human peripheral blood monocytes induced by medium-term treatment with the TH2-cytokines interleukin-4 and -13.
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View SamplesSickle cell transcriptome was analyzed using whole blood clinical specimens on the Affymetrix Human Exon 1.0 ST arrays and Illuminas deep sequencing technologies. Data analysis indicated a strong concordance (R=0.64) between exon array and RNA-seq in both gene level and exon level expression of transcripts. The magnitude of fold changes in the expression levels for the differentially expressed genes (p<0.05) was found to be higher in RNA-seq than microarrays. However, the arrays outperformed the sequencing technology in the detection of low abundant transcripts. In addition to examining the expression level changes of transcripts, RNA-seq technology was able to identify sequence variation in the expressed transcripts. We also demonstrate herein the ability of RNA-seq technology to discover novel expression outside of the annotated genes.
A systematic comparison and evaluation of high density exon arrays and RNA-seq technology used to unravel the peripheral blood transcriptome of sickle cell disease.
Specimen part, Disease
View SamplesWe have performed a comprehensive transcriptional analysis of specific monocyte and macrophage (M) subsets during an acute self-resolving inflammatory insult. Following initial induction of acute inflammation, tissue resident (Resident) M are rapidly cleared from the inflammatory foci, only becoming recoverable as inflammation resolves. Monocytes are recruited to the inflammatory lesion where they differentiate into M. We term these monocyte-derived M inflammation-associated to distinguish them from Resident M which are present throughout the inflammatory response and can renew during the resolution of inflammation by proliferation. Comparative analysis of the Mo and M populations (both inflammation-associated and Resident M) identifies select genes expressed in subsets of inflammation-associated and Resident M that play important roles in the resolution of inflammation and/or for immunity, including molecules involved in antigen presentation, cell cycle and others associated with immaturity and M activation.
The transcription factor Gata6 links tissue macrophage phenotype and proliferative renewal.
Sex, Specimen part
View SamplesTissue resident macrophages are notoriously heterogeneous, exhibiting discrete phenotypes as a consequence of tissue- and micro-anatomical niche-specific functions, but the molecular basis for this is not understood. We resolved a restricted transcriptional profile for the self-renewing population of peritoneal resident macrophages, which is expressed during homeostasis and inflammation and distinct from other M. Prominent within this profile was the expression of Gata6. This study represents a characterisation of the role of Gata6 in peritoneal resident macrophage phenotype. We used microarrays to determine the patterns of gene expression in peritoneal resident M in the absence of GATA-6 against wild type.
The transcription factor Gata6 links tissue macrophage phenotype and proliferative renewal.
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View SamplesMetastasis via the lymphatics is a major risk factor in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (OSCC). We sought to determine whether the presence of metastasis in the regional lymph node could be predicted by a gene expression signature of the primary tumor. A total of 18 OSCCs were characterized for gene expression by hybridizing RNA to Affymetrix U133A gene chips. Genes with differential expression were identified using a permutation technique and verified by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. A predictive rule was built using a support vector machine, and the accuracy of the rule was evaluated using crossvalidation on the original data set and prediction of an independent set of four patients. Metastatic primary tumors could be differentiated from nonmetastatic primary tumors by a signature gene set of 116 genes. This signature gene set correctly predicted the four independent patients as well as associating five lymph node metastases from the original patient set with the metastatic primary tumor group. We concluded that lymph node metastasis could be predicted by gene expression profiles of primary oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas. The presence of a gene expression signature for lymph node metastasis indicates that clinical testing to assess risk for lymph node metastasis should be possible.
Gene expression signature predicts lymphatic metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity.
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View SamplesDiamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare bone marrow failure disorder that affects 7 out of 1,000,000 live births and has been associated with mutations in components of the ribosome. In order to characterize the genetic landscape of this heterogeneous disorder, we recruited a cohort of 472 individuals with a clinical diagnosis of DBA and performed whole exome sequencing (WES). We identified rare and predicted damaging mutations in likely causal genes for 78% of individuals. The majority of mutations were singletons, absent from population databases, predicted to cause loss of function, and in one of 19 previously reported ribosomal protein (RP) encoding genes. Using exon coverage estimates, we identified and validated 31 deletions in RP genes. We also observed an enrichment for extended splice site mutations and validated their diverse effects using RNA sequencing in individual-derived cell lines. Leveraging the size of our cohort, we observed robust genotype-phenotype associations with congenital abnormalities and treatment outcomes. We further identified rare mutations in 7 previously unreported RP genes that may cause DBA, as well as several distinct disorders that appear to phenocopy DBA, including 9 individuals with biallelic CECR1 mutations that result in deficiency of ADA2. However, no new genes were identified at exome-wide significance, suggesting that there are no unidentified genes containing mutations readily identified by WES that explain > 5% of DBA cases. Overall, this report should not only inform clinical practice for DBA individuals, but also the design and analysis of rare variant studies for heterogeneous Mendelian disorders. Overall design: 9 individuals with DBA with putative splice mutations and 5 control individuals were processed for RNA-seq.
The Genetic Landscape of Diamond-Blackfan Anemia.
Specimen part, Disease, Subject
View SamplesTo validate the predicted Sh2b3 derived gene regulatory subnetwork using integrative network approach in human population study, we examined the gene expression levels of whole blood in WT (wild-type) and Sh2b3-/- mice by RNA sequencing, and identified the differentially expressed genes. Overall design: RNA sequencing whole blood samples from 4 WT and 4 Sh2b3-/- mice.
Integrative network analysis reveals molecular mechanisms of blood pressure regulation.
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View SamplesExpression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analyses were conducted separately on the glomerular and tubular portions of healthy human kidney samples obtained from subjects of European descent. Overall design: We aimed to define genotype driven gene expression changes in the glomerular and tubular compartments of human kidneys, identifying genetic variants (eVariants) that influence the expression of genes (eGenes). Later, we integrated this information with genotype and phenotype association studies (GWAS) to identify genes for which expression in the kidney shows differences in patients with GWAS variants.
Mapping eGFR loci to the renal transcriptome and phenome in the VA Million Veteran Program.
Specimen part, Disease, Disease stage, Subject
View SamplesIn acute myeloid leukemia, chemotherapy resistance remains prevalent and poorly understood. Using functional proteomics of patient AML specimens, we identified MEF2C S222 phosphorylation as a specific marker of primary chemoresistance. We found that transgenic Mef2cS222A/S222A mice engineered to block MEF2C phosphorylation exhibited normal hematopoiesis, but were resistant to leukemogenesis induced by MLL-AF9. MEF2C phosphorylation was required for leukemia stem cell maintenance, induced by MARK kinases in cells, and blocked by selective MARK inhibitor MRT199665, which caused apoptosis of MEF2C-activated human AML cell lines and primary patient specimens, but not those lacking MEF2C. These findings identify signaling-dependent dysregulation of transcription factor control as a determinant of therapy response in AML, with immediate potential for improved diagnosis and therapy for this disease. Overall design: RNA-sequencing of human leukemia cell line with induction of wildtype or mutant MEF2C.
MEF2C Phosphorylation Is Required for Chemotherapy Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.
Specimen part, Cell line, Treatment, Subject
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