Drug resistance invariably limits the clinical efficacy of targeted therapy with kinase inhibitors against cancer. We found that targeted therapy with BRAF, ALK, or EGFR inhibitors induces a complex network of secreted signals in drug-stressed melanoma and lung adenocarcinoma cells. This therapy-induced secretome (TIS) stimulates the outgrowth, infiltration and metastasis of drug-resistant cancer clones in the tumour. Additionally, the TIS supports the survival of drug-sensitive cells, contributing to incomplete tumour regression. We used transcriptomic analysis of sensitive tumour cells and xenograft tumours treated with vehicle, vemurafenib, or crizotinib to identify the transcriptional drivers and to dissect the TIS in melanoma (A375, Colo800, UACC62) and lung adenocarcinoma (H3122). In addition, we utilize cell type–specific mRNA purification by translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) to identify pathways that are up-regulated in resistant cells (A375R) in response to the regressing tumour microenvironment. Overall design: Analysis of the response of drug sensitive melanoma and lung adenocarcinoma cells to pharmacological inhibition of their driver oncogene and gene expression analysis of drug resistant cancer cells responding to different tumor microenvironments.
Therapy-induced tumour secretomes promote resistance and tumour progression.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesshRNA-mediated ablation of the RING-finger protein TRIM52 from multiple glioblastoma cell lines reduces proliferation and tumorigenesis. To identify gene signatures underlying this phenomenon, transcritional profile of TRIM52 knockdown cells was compared to control cells. Upon TRIM52 ablation, we find 278 differentially regulated genes. Gene ontology analysis reveals that many of the upregulated genes are associated with glycolysis and biosynthetic processes. Overall design: U87MG glioblastoma cells were stably transduced with doxycycline-inducible shRNA constructs targeting TRIM52 (two different shRNAs) or controls (two different non-targeting shRNAs). Knockdown was induced for five days using 2µg/ml doxycycline. shRNA expressing cells were sorted based on shRNA-coupled GFP expression via flow cytometry. mRNA sequening was performed in duplicate per shRNA cell line.
Human tripartite motif protein 52 is required for cell context-dependent proliferation.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesThe goal of this study was to investigate the role of intragenic CTCF in alternative pre-mRNA splicing through a combined CTCF-ChIP-seq and RNA-seq approach. CTCF depletion led to decreased inclusion of weak upstream exons. Overall design: CTCF ChIP-seq was performed in BJAB and BL41 B cell lines and normalized relative to Rabbit Ig control IP-seq reads. RNA-seq was performed in BJAB and BL41 cells transduced with shRNA against CTCF or RFP as a control, and in untransduced cells as well.
CTCF-promoted RNA polymerase II pausing links DNA methylation to splicing.
Cell line, Subject
View SamplesAcute lymphoblastic leukaemia with early T-cell precursor immunophenotype (ETP ALL) is a highly aggressive subtype of ALL of unknown aetiology. To gain insights into the genetic basis of this disease, we performed whole genome sequencing of tumour and normal DNA of 12 children with ETP ALL. Analysis of structural and sequence variants in this discovery cohort, and mutation recurrence screening in a panel of 51 ETP and 43 non ETP ALL samples identified a high frequency of activating mutations in genes regulating cytokine receptor and Ras signalling, including IL7R, NRAS, KRAS, FLT3, BRAF, JAK1 and JAK3 in ETP ALL. Moreover, we identified multiple new targets of mutation in including GATA3, EP300, RUNX1, DNM2, ECT2L, HNRNPA1 and HNRNPR, as well as genes known to be mutated in T-ALL, including NOTCH1, PHF6, and WT1.. Five of 12 ETP ALL cases harboured novel chromosomal translocations, several of which accompanied complex multichromosomal rearrangements and resulted in the expression of chimeric in-frame fusion genes disrupting hematopoietic regulators, including ETV6-INO80D, NAP1L1-MLLT10 and RUNX1-EVX1. These results indicate that although ETP ALL is genetically heterogeneous, activation of Ras and cytokine receptor signalling distinguishes this disease from non-ETP ALL. These findings suggest that targeting this pathway may improve the currently dismal outcome of this disease.
The genetic basis of early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
Specimen part
View SamplesEarly T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ETP ALL) is an aggressive malignancy of unknown genetic basis. We performed whole genome sequencing of tumour and normal DNA from 12 children with ETP ALL and assessed the frequency of somatic alterations in 52 ETP and 42 non-ETP T-ALL samples by sequencing and DNA copy number analysis. ETP ALL was characterised by a high frequency of activating mutations in genes regulating cytokine receptor and Ras signalling (67% of cases; NRAS, KRAS, FLT3, IL7R, JAK3, JAK1, SH2B3 and BRAF); alterations disrupting haemopoietic development (58%; GATA3, ETV6, RUNX1, IKZF1, EP300); and inactivating mutations in histone modifying genes (48%; EZH2, EED, SUZ12, SETD2 and EP300). We also identified new targets of mutation including DNM2, ECT2L and RELN. Ten of 12 ETP ALL cases harboured chromosomal rearrangements, several of which complex and resulted in the expression of novel chimeric in-frame fusion genes disrupting haemopoietic regulators. Thus, similar to myeloid malignancies, mutations that drive proliferation, impair differentiation and disrupt histone modification are hallmarks of ETP ALL. Moreover, the global transcriptional profile of ETP ALL was similar to that of normal and myeloid leukaemia haemopoietic stem cells. These findings suggest that addition of myeloid-directed therapies might improve the poor outcome of ETP ALL.
The genetic basis of early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
Specimen part
View SamplesControl and Liver Insulin Receptor KO mice (LIRKO) were sacrificed in the non-fasted state. RNA was prepared from liver samples and subjected to expression microarray analysis
Flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 as a potential player in diabetes-associated atherosclerosis.
Specimen part
View SamplesPrevalence and severity of allergic diseases have increased worldwide. To date, respiratory allergy phenotypes are not fully characterized and, in addition, the mechanisms underlying sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) are still unknown.
Exploring novel systemic biomarker approaches in grass-pollen sublingual immunotherapy using omics.
Specimen part, Treatment, Time
View SamplesG1E cells infected with control (HMD empty vector), human GATA1, or human GATA1 mutant cDNA Overall design: 3 Biological replicates per condition for RNA-seq
Impaired human hematopoiesis due to a cryptic intronic <i>GATA1</i> splicing mutation.
Cell line, Subject
View SamplesPrevalence and severity of allergic diseases have increased worldwide. To date, respiratory allergy phenotypes are not fully characterized and, along with inflammation progression, treatment is increasingly complex and expensive. Profilin sensitization constitutes a good model to study the progression of allergic inflammation.
Multi-omics analysis points to altered platelet functions in severe food-associated respiratory allergy.
Specimen part
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
The effects of EBV transformation on gene expression levels and methylation profiles.
Sex, Specimen part, Subject
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