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Homo sapiens
3 Downloadable Samples
IlluminaHiSeq2000
Description
When assembling a nephron during development a multipotent stem cell pool becomes restricted as differentiation ensues. A faulty differentiation arrest in this process leads to transformation and initiation of a Wilms'' tumor. Mapping these transitions with respective surface markers affords accessibility to specific cell subpopulations. NCAM1 and CD133 have been previously suggested to mark human renal progenitor populations. Herein, using cell sorting, RNA sequencing, in vitro studies with serum-free media and in vivo xenotransplantation we demonstrate a sequential map that links human kidney development and tumorigenesis; In nephrogenesis, NCAM1+CD133- marks SIX2+ multipotent renal stem cells transiting to NCAM1+CD133+ differentiating segment-specific SIX2- epithelial progenitors and NCAM1-CD133+ differentiated nephron cells. In tumorigenesis, NCAM1+CD133- marks SIX2+ blastema that includes the ALDH1+ WT cancer stem/initiating cells, while NCAM1+CD133+ and NCAM1-CD133+ specifying early and late epithelial differentiation, are severely restricted in tumor initiation capacity and tumor self-renewal. Thus, negative selection for CD133 is required for defining NCAM1+ nephron stem cells in normal and malignant nephrogenesis. Overall design: Human fetal kidney mRNA profiles of 3 cell populations (NCAM1+/CD133-, NCAM+/CD133+, NCAM-/CD133+) were generated by deep sequencing using Illumina HiSeq.
Publication Title
Dissecting Stages of Human Kidney Development and Tumorigenesis with Surface Markers Affords Simple Prospective Purification of Nephron Stem Cells.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 18 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina HiSeq 2000
Description
Cancer stem cell (CSC) identification relies on transplantation assays of cell sub-populations sorted from fresh tumor samples. Herein, we attempt to bypass limitations of abundant tumor source and predetermined immune selection by in-vivo propagating patient derived xenografts (PDX) from human malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT), a rare and lethal pediatric neoplasm, to an advanced state in which most cells behave as CSCs. Stemness is then probed by comparative transcriptomics of serial PDXs generating a gene signature of EMT, invasion/motility, metastasis and self-renewal, pinpointing putative MRT CSC markers. The relevance of these putative CSC molecules is analyzed by sorting tumorigenic fractions from early-passaged PDX according to one such molecule, deciphering expression in archived primary tumors and testing the effects of CSC molecule inhibition on MRT growth. Using this platform, we identify ALDH1 and lysyl oxidase (LOX) as relevant targets and provide a larger framework for target and drug discovery in rare pediatric cancers. Overall design: Tumorigenic fractions from early-passaged PDX
Publication Title
In Vivo Expansion of Cancer Stemness Affords Novel Cancer Stem Cell Targets: Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor as an Example.
Sample Metadata Fields
Subject
View Samples- Pan troglodytes, Homo sapiens
- 355 Downloadable Samples
Affymetrix Human Genome U133A Array (hgu133a)
Description
Lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs), originally collected as renewable sources of DNA, are now being used as a model system to study genotype-phenotype relationships in human cells. These cell lines have been used to search for genetic variants that are associated with drug response as well as with more basic cellular traits such as RNA levels. In setting out to extend such studies by searching for genetic variants contributing to drug response, we observed that phenotypes in LCLs were, in our lab and others, significantly affected by experimental confounders (i.e. in vitro growth rate, metabolic state, and relative levels of the Epstein-Barr virus used to transform the cells). As we did not find any SNPs associated with genome-wide significance to drug response, we evaluated whether incorporating RNA expression levels (and eQTLs) in the analysis could increase power to detect such effects. As previously shown, cis-acting eQTLs were detectable for a sizeable fraction of RNAs and baseline levels of many RNAs predicted response to several drugs. However, we found only limited evidence that SNPs influenced drug response through their effect on expression of RNA. Efforts to use LCLs to map genes underlying cellular traits will require great care to control experimental confounders, unbiased methods for integrating and interpreting such multi-dimensional data, and much larger sample sizes than have been applied to date.
Publication Title
Genetic analysis of human traits in vitro: drug response and gene expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples
GSE10377- Mus musculus
- 5 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array (mouse4302)
Description
Background
Publication Title
Expression quantitative trait loci mapping identifies new genetic models of glutathione S-transferase variation.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 45 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
Context: In many cancers, specific subpopulations of cells appear to be uniquely capable of initiating and maintaining tumors. The strongest support for this cancer stem cell model comes from transplantation assays in immune-deficient mice indicating that human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is organized as a cellular hierarchy driven by self-renewing leukemia stem cells (LSC). This model has significant implications for the development of novel therapies, but its clinical significance remains unclear.
Publication Title
Association of a leukemic stem cell gene expression signature with clinical outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia.
Sample Metadata Fields
Disease, Disease stage, Subject
View Samples- Populus tremula x populus alba
- 6 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Poplar Genome Array (poplar)
Description
Trichomes are specialised epidermal cells that generally play a role in reducing transpiration and act as a deterrent to herbivory. In a screen of activation tagged Populus tremula x P. alba 717-1B4 trees, we identified a mutant line, fuzzy, with increased foliar trichome density. This mutant also had a 35% increase in growth rate and a 200% increase in the rate of photosynthesis as compared to wild-type poplar. The fuzzy mutant had significant resistance to feeding by larvae of the white spotted tussock moth (Orgyia leucostigma), a generalist insect pest of poplar trees. The fuzzy phenotype is attributable to activation tagging and increased expression of the gene encoding PtaMYB186, which is related to Arabidopsis thaliana MYB106, a known regulator of trichome initiation. The fuzzy phenotype can be recapitulated by overexpressing PtaMYB186 in poplar. PtaMYB186 overexpression results in reconfiguration of the poplar transcriptome, with changes in the transcript abundance of suites of genes that are related to trichome differentiation. It is notable that this gene responsible for trichome development also altered traits related to growth rate and pest resistance, suggesting that non-intuitive facets of plant development might be useful targets for plant improvement.
Publication Title
Endogenous overexpression of Populus MYB186 increases trichome density, improves insect pest resistance, and impacts plant growth.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 4 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array (mouse4302)
Description
Both the mechanism of action and the factors determining the behavioral response to antidepressants are unknown. It has been shown that antidepressant treatment promotes the proliferation and survival of hippocampal neurons via enhanced serotonergic signaling, but it is still unclear whether hippocampal neurogenesis is responsible for the behavioral response to antidepressants. Furthermore, a large subpopulation of patients fails to respond to antidepressant treatment due to presumed underlying genetic factors. In the present study, we have used the phenotypic and genotypic variability of inbred mouse strains to show that there is a genetic component to both the behavioral and neurogenic effects of chronic fluoxetine treatment, and that this antidepressant induces an increase in hippocampal cell proliferation only in the strains that also show a positive behavioral response to treatment. The behavioral and neurogenic responses are associated with an upregulation of genes known to promote neuronal proliferation and survival. These results suggest that inherent genetic predisposition to increased serotonin-induced neurogenesis is a determinant of antidepressant efficacy.
Publication Title
Genetic regulation of behavioral and neuronal responses to fluoxetine.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Treatment
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 1 Downloadable Sample
- Illumina Genome Analyzer IIx
Description
5''-complete cDNA sequencing on ribosome-depleted total RNA from the human K562 cell line. Provides high-quality, genome-wide single-base resolution profiling of transcription start sites and their expression levels. Overall design: This dataset represents a whole-genome, single-base resolution profiling of transcription start site (TSS) expression in the human K562 cell line. These profiles were established using RAMPAGE, a high-throughput, high-accuracy 5''-complete cDNA sequencing method implemented on the Illumina platform. The data was analyzed using custom scripts and algorithms that are all available upon request.
Publication Title
High-fidelity promoter profiling reveals widespread alternative promoter usage and transposon-driven developmental gene expression.
Sample Metadata Fields
Cell line, Subject
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 37 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array (mouse4302)
Description
Austism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous behavioral disease most commonly characterized by severe impairment of social engagement and the presence of repetitive activities. The molecular etiology of ASD is still largely unknown despite a strong genetic component. Part of the difficulty in turning genetics into disease mechanisms and potentially new therapeutics is the sheer number and diversity of the genes that have been associated with ASD and ASD symptoms. The goal of this work is to use shRNA-generated models of genetic defects proposed as causative for ASD to identify the common pathways that might explain how they produce a common clinical outcome. Transcript levels of Mecp2, Mef2a, Mef2d, Fmr1, Nlgn1, Nlgn3, Pten, and Shank3 were knocked-down in mouse primary neuron cultures using shRNA/lentivirus constructs. Whole genome expression analysis was conducted for each of the knock-down cultures as well as a mock-transduced culture and a culture exposed to a lentivirus expressing luciferase. Gene set enrichment and a causal reasoning engine were employed to indentify pathway level perturbations generated by the transcript knock-down. Quantitation of the shRNA targets confirmed the successful knock-down at the transcript and protein levels of at least 75% for each of the genes. After subtracting out potential artifacts caused by transfection and viral infection, gene set enrichment and causal reasoning engine analysis showed that a significant number of gene expression changes mapped to pathways associated with neurogenesis, long-term potentiation, and synaptic activity. This work demonstrates that despite the complex genetic nature of ASD, there are common molecular mechanisms that connect many of the best established autism candidate genes. By identifying the key regulatory checkpoints in the interlinking transcriptional networks underlying autism, we are better able to discover the ideal points of intervention that provide the broadest efficacy across the diverse population of autism patients.
Publication Title
Transcriptomic analysis of genetically defined autism candidate genes reveals common mechanisms of action.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Treatment
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 16 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Murine Genome U74A Version 2 Array (mgu74av2)
Description
In order to establish a list of candidate direct COUP-TFI gene targets in the inner ear, we analyzed the differential gene expression profiles of the wild-type and the COUP-TFI/ P0 inner ears.
Publication Title
Genome-wide analysis of binding sites and direct target genes of the orphan nuclear receptor NR2F1/COUP-TFI.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples