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accession-icon GSE104849
New role of ID3 in melanoma adaptive drug-resistance
  • organism-icon Homo sapiens
  • sample-icon 28 Downloadable Samples
  • Technology Badge IconIllumina HumanHT-12 V4.0 expression beadchip

Description

Adaptive resistance to targeted therapy such as BRAF inhibitors represents in melanoma a major drawback to this otherwise powerful treatment. Some of the underlying molecular mechanisms have recently been described: hyperactivation of the BRAF-MAPK pathway, of the AKT pathway, of the TGF/EGFR/PDGFRB pathway, or the low MITF/AXL ratio. Nevertheless, the phenomenon of early resistance is still not clearly understood. In this report, we show that knockdown of neural crest-associated gene ID3 increases the melanoma sensitivity to vemurafenib short-term treatment. In addition, we observe an ID3-mediated regulation of cell migration and of the expression of resistance-associated genes such as SOX10 and MITF. In sum, these data suggest ID3 as a new key actor of melanoma adaptive resistance to vemurafenib and as a potential drug target. Molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the development of human skin epithelial cells are not completely understood so far. As a consequence, the efficiency to establish a pure skin epithelial cell population from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) remains poor. Using an approach including RNA interference and high-throughput imaging of early epithelial cells, we could identify candidate kinases which are involved in skin epithelial differentiation. Among them, we found HIPK4 to be an important inhibitor of this process. Indeed, its silencing increased the amount of generated skin epithelial precursors, increased the amount of generated keratinocytes and improved growth and differentiation of organotypic cultures, allowing for the formation of a denser basal layer and stratification with the expression of several keratins. Our data bring substantial input in the regulation of human skin epithelial differentiation and for improving differentiation protocols from pluripotent stem cells.

Publication Title

New role of ID3 in melanoma adaptive drug-resistance.

Sample Metadata Fields

Cell line, Treatment

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accession-icon GSE49089
NRASG12V oncogene mediates self-renewal in acute myelogenous leukemia
  • organism-icon Mus musculus
  • sample-icon 15 Downloadable Samples
  • Technology Badge Icon Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array (mouse4302)

Description

This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

Publication Title

NRASG12V oncogene facilitates self-renewal in a murine model of acute myelogenous leukemia.

Sample Metadata Fields

Specimen part

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accession-icon SRP049821
Leukemia stem cell-enriched population expresses self-renewal gene-expression signature [RNA-Seq]
  • organism-icon Mus musculus
  • sample-icon 32 Downloadable Samples
  • Technology Badge IconIllumina HiSeq 2000

Description

Mutant RAS oncoproteins activate signaling molecules that drive oncogenesis in multiple human tumors including acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). However, the specific function of these pathways in AML is unclear. To elucidate the downstream functions of activated NRAS in AML, we employed a murine model of AML harboring Mll-AF9 and NRASG12V. We found that NRASG12V enforced leukemia self-renewal gene expression signatures and was required to maintain an MLL-AF9 and MYB-dependent gene expression program. In a multiplexed analysis of RAS-dependent signaling intermediates, the leukemia stem cell compartment was preferentially sensitive to RAS withdrawal. Use of RAS-pathway inhibitors showed that NRASG12V maintained leukemia self-renewal through mTOR and MEK pathway activation, implicating these pathways as potential targets for cancer stem cell-specific therapies. Overall design: Primary leukemia cells harvested from spleens were sorted into immunophenotypic subpopulations (Mac-1High, Mac-1LowKit–Sca-1–, Mac-1LowKit+Sca-1–, and Mac-1LowKit+Sca-1+). RNA was extracted from this subpopulations of cells and submitted for RNA sequencing.

Publication Title

NRASG12V oncogene facilitates self-renewal in a murine model of acute myelogenous leukemia.

Sample Metadata Fields

No sample metadata fields

View Samples
accession-icon GSE49038
NRASG12V mediates leukemia self renewal [Microarray]
  • organism-icon Mus musculus
  • sample-icon 15 Downloadable Samples
  • Technology Badge Icon Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array (mouse4302)

Description

Mutant RAS oncoproteins activate signaling molecules that drive oncogenesis in multiple human tumors including acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). However, the specific function of these pathways in AML is unclear. To elucidate the downstream functions of activated NRAS in AML, we employed a murine model of AML harboring Mll-AF9 and NRASG12V. We found that NRASG12V enforced leukemia self-renewal gene expression signatures and was required to maintain an MLL-AF9 and MYB-dependent gene expression program. In a multiplexed analysis of RAS-dependent signaling intermediates, the leukemia stem cell compartment was preferentially sensitive to RAS withdrawal. Use of RAS-pathway inhibitors showed that NRASG12V maintained leukemia self-renewal through mTOR and MEK pathway activation, implicating these pathways as potential targets for cancer stem cell-specific therapies.

Publication Title

NRASG12V oncogene facilitates self-renewal in a murine model of acute myelogenous leukemia.

Sample Metadata Fields

Specimen part

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accession-icon GSE103615
Genome-wide profiling of genes during differentiation of wild type (WT) murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs), scrambled control (SCR) ESCs and Mageb16-depleted (KD) ESCs
  • organism-icon Mus musculus
  • sample-icon 54 Downloadable Samples
  • Technology Badge Icon Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array (mouse4302)

Description

The Melanoma-associated Antigen gene family (MAGE) generally encodes for tumour antigens. We recently have identified one of the MAGE gene members, Mageb16 to be highly expressed in undifferentiated murine embryonic stem cells (mESCs). The role of Mageb16 for the differentiation of the pluripotent stem cells is completely unknown. Here we demonstrate that Mageb16 (41 kDa) is distributed in cytosol and/or in surface membrane in undifferentiated mESCs. A transcriptome study was performed with differentiated short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated Mageb16 knockdown (KD ESCs) and scrambled control (SCR) ESCs until a period of 22 days. Mageb16 KD ESCs mainly differentiated towards mesodermal derivatives such as cardiovascular lineages. Mesoderm-oriented differentiation initiated biological processes such as adipogenesis, osteogenesis, limb morphogenesis and spermatogenesis were significantly enriched in the differentiated Mageb16 KD ESCs. Cardiomyogenesis in differentiated KD mESCs was stronger when compared to differentiated SCR and wild mESCs. The expression of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) Lin28a and other epigenetic regulatory genes, nucleocytoplasmic trafficking and genes participating in spermatogenesis have also declined faster in the differentiating Mageb16 KD ESCs. We conclude that Mageb16 plays a crucial role for differentiation of ESCs, specifically to the mesodermal lineages. Regulative epigenetic networks and nucleocytoplasmic modifications induced by Mageb16 may play a role for the critical role of Mageb16 for the ESCs differentiation.

Publication Title

Depletion of Mageb16 induces differentiation of pluripotent stem cells predominantly into mesodermal derivatives.

Sample Metadata Fields

Sex, Specimen part

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accession-icon GSE62547
In vitro assessment of drug-induced liver steatosis based on human dermal stem cell-derived hepatic cells.
  • organism-icon Homo sapiens
  • sample-icon 6 Downloadable Samples
  • Technology Badge Icon Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)

Description

Human skin-derived precursor cells (hSKP) are a post natal stem cell population isolated from the dermis. These cells acquire hepatic characteristics upon differentiation with hepatogenic factors. Differentiated hSKP show characteristics of hepatocyte precursor cells and respond to hepatotoxic compounds in a comparable way as human hepatocyte cultures.

Publication Title

In vitro assessment of drug-induced liver steatosis based on human dermal stem cell-derived hepatic cells.

Sample Metadata Fields

Sex, Specimen part

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accession-icon GSE20504
Human umbilical cord blood-derived endothelial colony forming cells under serum-free conditions
  • organism-icon Homo sapiens
  • sample-icon 10 Downloadable Samples
  • Technology Badge Icon Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)

Description

Derivation and expansion of human umbilical cord blood-derived endothelial colony forming cells under serum-free conditions - a transcriptome analysis.

Publication Title

Optimization of the culturing conditions of human umbilical cord blood-derived endothelial colony-forming cells under xeno-free conditions applying a transcriptomic approach.

Sample Metadata Fields

Specimen part

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accession-icon GSE94521
Identification of transcriptome signatures and biomarkers specific for potential developmental toxicants inhibiting human neural crest cell migration
  • organism-icon Homo sapiens
  • sample-icon 57 Downloadable Samples
  • Technology Badge Icon Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)

Description

The in vitro test battery of the European research consortium ESNATS (novel stem cell-based test systems) has been used to screen for potential human developmental toxicants. As part of this effort, the migration of neural crest (MINC) assay has been used to evaluate chemical effects on neural crest function. It identified some drug-like compounds in addition to known environmental toxicants. The hits included the HSP90 inhibitor geldanamycin, the chemotherapeutic arsenic trioxide, the flame-retardant PBDE-99, the pesticide triadimefon and the histone deacetylase inhibitors valproic acid and trichostatin A. Transcriptome changes triggered by these substances in human neural crest cells were recorded and analysed here to answer three questions: (1) can toxicants be individually identified based on their transcript profile; (2) how can the toxicity pattern reflected by transcript changes be compacted/ dimensionality-reduced for practical regulatory use; (3) how can a reduced set of biomarkers be selected for large-scale follow up? Transcript profiling allowed clear separation of different toxicants and the identification of toxicant types in a blinded test study. We also developed a diagrammatic system to visualize and compare toxicity patterns of a group of chemicals by giving a quantitative overview of altered superordinate biological processes (e.g. activation of KEGG pathways or overrepresentation of gene ontology terms). The transcript data were mined for potential markers of toxicity, and 39 transcripts were selected to either indicate general developmental toxicity or distinguish compounds with different modes-of-action in read-across. In summary, we found inclusion of transcriptome data to largely increase the information from the MINC phenotypic test.

Publication Title

Identification of transcriptome signatures and biomarkers specific for potential developmental toxicants inhibiting human neural crest cell migration.

Sample Metadata Fields

Sex, Specimen part

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accession-icon SRP058190
Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) comparison of two MVT1 cells subpopulations, CD24- cells and CD24+ cells
  • organism-icon Mus musculus
  • sample-icon 13 Downloadable Samples
  • Technology Badge IconIlluminaHiSeq2500

Description

The goal of this study is to compare the transcriptome of the 2 MVT1 subpopulations in order to identify new genes and pathways that stands beyond the CD24+ aggressive phenotype Overall design: mRNA profiles of CD24- and CD24+ cells were generated by deep sequencing, in triplicate, using Illumina HiSeq 2500

Publication Title

Deep sequencing of mRNA in CD24(-) and CD24(+) mammary carcinoma Mvt1 cell line.

Sample Metadata Fields

No sample metadata fields

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accession-icon SRP013751
Major concepts of piRNA biogenesis revealed by the analysis of Shutdown, a co-chaperone with essential roles in the biogenesis of all Drosophila piRNA populations
  • organism-icon Drosophila melanogaster
  • sample-icon 13 Downloadable Samples
  • Technology Badge IconIllumina HiSeq 2000

Description

In animal gonads, 23-30nt long PIWI interacting RNAs (piRNAs) guarantee genome integrity by guiding the sequence specific silencing of selfish genetic elements such as transposons. Two major branches of piRNA biogenesis, namely primary processing and ping-pong amplification, feed into the PIWI clade of Argonaute proteins. Despite our conceptual understanding of piRNA biogenesis, major gaps exist in the mechanistic understanding of the underlying molecular processes as well as in the knowledge of the involved players. Here, we demonstrate an essential role for the female sterility gene shutdown in the piRNA pathway. Shutdown, an evolutionarily conserved co-chaperone of the immunophilin class is the first piRNA biogenesis factor that is essential for all primary and secondary piRNA populations in Drosophila. Based on these findings, we define distinct groups of piRNA biogenesis factors and reveal the core concept of how PIWI family proteins are hard-wired into piRNA biogenesis processes. Overall design: small-RNA libraries from 2 control samples and 7 knock-down samples of D. mel. ovaries and 2 small-RNA profiles from Piwi IP and Aub IP from OSCs.

Publication Title

The cochaperone shutdown defines a group of biogenesis factors essential for all piRNA populations in Drosophila.

Sample Metadata Fields

Specimen part, Subject

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refine.bio is a repository of uniformly processed and normalized, ready-to-use transcriptome data from publicly available sources. refine.bio is a project of the Childhood Cancer Data Lab (CCDL)

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Cite refine.bio

Casey S. Greene, Dongbo Hu, Richard W. W. Jones, Stephanie Liu, David S. Mejia, Rob Patro, Stephen R. Piccolo, Ariel Rodriguez Romero, Hirak Sarkar, Candace L. Savonen, Jaclyn N. Taroni, William E. Vauclain, Deepashree Venkatesh Prasad, Kurt G. Wheeler. refine.bio: a resource of uniformly processed publicly available gene expression datasets.
URL: https://www.refine.bio

Note that the contributor list is in alphabetical order as we prepare a manuscript for submission.

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