Normal primary thyroid cells were incubated with vehicle, 100 IU/ml IFN-gamma, 50 IU/ml IL1-beta, or a combination of both IFN-gamma and IL1-beta for 24 or 72 hours. The experiment was repeated 5 times using thyroid cells from 5 different patients. RNA expression was analyzed using Affymetrix HG_U133A arrays for 3 of the thyroids, and HG_U133A_2.0 (small version of HG_U133A) arrays for 2 of the thyroids.
Microarray analysis of cytokine activation of apoptosis pathways in the thyroid.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesOculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by an alanine tract expansion mutation in Poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1 (expPABPN1). To model OPMD in a myogenic and physiological context, we generated mouse myoblast cell clones stably expressing either human wild type (WT) or expPABPN1 at low levels. The transgene expression is induced upon myotube differentiation and results in formation of insoluble nuclear PABPN1 aggregates that are similar to the in vivo aggregates. Quantitative analysis of PABPN1 protein in myotube cultures revealed that expPABPN1 accumulation and aggregation is greater than that of the WT protein. In a comparative study we found that aggregation of expPABPN1 is more affected by inhibition of proteasome activity, as compared with the WT PABPN1 aggregation. Consistent with this, in myotubes cultures expressing expPABPN1 deregulation of the proteasome was identified as the most significantly deregulated pathway. Differences in the accumulation of soluble WT and expPABPN1 were consistent with differences in ubiquitination and protein turnover. This study indicates, for the first time, that in myotubes the ratio of soluble to insoluble expPABPN1 is significantly lower compared to that of the WT protein. We suggest that this difference can contribute to muscle weakness in OPMD.
Modeling oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy in myotube cultures reveals reduced accumulation of soluble mutant PABPN1 protein.
Cell line
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Klf4 is a transcriptional regulator of genes critical for EMT, including Jnk1 (Mapk8).
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesExpression profiling after Klf4 KD during EMT in NMuMG reveals a significant number of genes that are transcriptionally deregulated
Klf4 is a transcriptional regulator of genes critical for EMT, including Jnk1 (Mapk8).
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesWhile the roles of parenchymal microglia in brain homeostasis and disease are fairly clear, other brain-resident myeloid cells remain less understood. By dissecting border regions and combining single-cell RNA sequencing with high-dimensional cytometry, bulk RNA-sequencing, fate-mapping and microscopy, we reveal the diversity of non-parenchymal brain macrophages. Border-associated macrophages (BAMs) residing in the dura mater, subdural meninges and choroid plexus consisted of distinct subsets with tissue-specific transcriptional signatures, and their cellular composition changed during postnatal development. BAMs exhibited a mixed ontogeny and subsets displayed distinct self-renewal capacities upon depletion and repopulation. Single-cell and fate-mapping analysis both suggested there is a unique microglial subset residing on the apical surface of the choroid plexus epithelium. Finally, gene network analysis and conditional deletion revealed IRF8 as a master regulator that drives the maturation and diversity of brain macrophages. Our results provide a framework for understanding host-macrophage interactions in the healthy and diseased brain. Overall design: sample of WT choroid plexus, sample of WT dura mater, sample of WT enriched SDM, sample of WT whole brain, sample of 9 months old APP/PS1 mice, sample of 16 months old APP/PS1 mice, sample of 16 months old WT mice, sample of Irf8 KO whole brain, sample of Irf8 KO choroid plexus, sample of Irf8 WT whole brain, sample of Irf8 WT choroid plexus, sample of dura mater with standard protocol and with ActD protocol, sample of choroid plexus with standard protocol and ActD protocol.
A single-cell atlas of mouse brain macrophages reveals unique transcriptional identities shaped by ontogeny and tissue environment.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesDown syndrome (DS) results from trisomy of chromosome 21 (HSA21). Some DS phenotypes may be directly or indirectly related to the increased expression of specific HSA21 genes, in particular those encoding transcription factors. The HSA21 encoded Single-minded 2 (SIM2) transcription factor has key neurological functions and is a good candidate to be involved in the cognitive impairment of DS. ChIP-sequencing was used to map SIM2 binding in mouse embryonic stem cells and has revealed 1229 high-confidence SIM2-binding sites. Analysis of the SIM2 target genes confirmed the importance of SIM2 in developmental and neuronal processes and indicated that SIM2 may be a master transcription regulator. Indeed, SIM2 DNA binding sites share sequence specificity and overlapping domains of occupancy with master transcription factors such as SOX2, OCT4, NANOG or KLF4. The association between SIM2 and these pioneer factors is supported by the finding that SIM2 can be co-immunoprecipitated with SOX2, OCT4, NANOG or KLF4. Furthermore, the binding of SIM2 marks a particular sub-category of enhancers known as super-enhancers. These regions are characterized by typical DNA modifications and Mediator co-occupancy (MED1 and MED12). Altogether, we provide evidence that SIM2 binds a specific set of enhancer elements thus explaining how SIM2 can regulate its gene network in DS neuronal features. Overall design: RNA-Seq analysis in Sim2 expressing cells (3 replicates A6, B8, C4) and EB3 control cells (3 replicates)
HSA21 Single-Minded 2 (Sim2) Binding Sites Co-Localize with Super-Enhancers and Pioneer Transcription Factors in Pluripotent Mouse ES Cells.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesThe miR-17-92 microRNA cluster is often activated in cancer cells, but the identity of its targets remains largely elusive. Here we examined the effects of activation of the entire miR-17-92 cluster on global protein expression in neuroblastoma cells.
The miR-17-92 microRNA cluster regulates multiple components of the TGF-β pathway in neuroblastoma.
Specimen part
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Loss of PRDM11 promotes MYC-driven lymphomagenesis.
Specimen part, Cell line
View SamplesThe PR-domain family (PRDMs) encodes transcriptional regulators, several of which are deregulated in cancer. We found that loss of Prdm11 accelerates MYC-driven lymphomagenesis in the E-Myc mouse model.
Loss of PRDM11 promotes MYC-driven lymphomagenesis.
Specimen part
View SamplesThe PR-domain family e(PRDMs) encodes transcriptional regulators, several of which are deregulated in cancer. We found that loss of Prdm11 accelerates MYC-driven lymphomagenesis in the Eµ-Myc mouse model. Moreover, we show that patients with PRDM11-deficient diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) have poorer overall survival and belong to the non-Germinal Center B cell (GCB)-like subtype. Mechanistically, genome-wide mapping of PRDM11 binding sites coupled with transcriptome sequencing in human DLBCL cells evidenced that PRDM11 associates with transcriptional start sites of target genes and regulates important oncogenes such as FOS and JUN. Hence, we characterize PRDM11 as a novel tumor suppressor controlling the expression of key oncogenes and add new mechanistic insight into B-cell lymphomagenesis. Overall design: RNA-seq performed after knockdown of Prdm11
Loss of PRDM11 promotes MYC-driven lymphomagenesis.
No sample metadata fields
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