Heterochromatic non-coding RNAs induce breast tumor formation in mice by interacting with BRCA1-associated proteins functioning in the DNA damage response. Overall design: mouse tumor mRNA profiles using ribosomal mRNA depletion
Heterochromatin-Encoded Satellite RNAs Induce Breast Cancer.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesTranscriptome of S. cerevisiae in shifts between glucose and maltose media with different re-growth conditions Overall design: Cells are pregrown in maltose, then grown for different durations in glucose and then washed back to maltose
A new protocol for single-cell RNA-seq reveals stochastic gene expression during lag phase in budding yeast.
Subject
View SamplesMicroarrays were used to analyze the gene expression in endoscopic-derived intestinal mucosal biopsies from patients with inflammatory bowel diseas (IBD) and controls
Genetic and Transcriptomic Bases of Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Specimen part, Disease
View SamplesSomatic ribosomal protein defects have recently been described in cancer, yet their impact on cellular transcription and translation remain poorly understood. Here we integrated mRNA sequencing, ribosome footprinting, polysomal RNA seq and quantitative mass spectrometry datasets obtained from an isogenic mouse lymphoid cell model in order to study the T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) associated R98S mutation in ribosomal protein L10 (RPL10 R98S). RPL10 R98S induced changes in protein levels were to a much larger extent caused by transcriptional then translational changes and RPL10 R98S cells showed a gene signature corresponding to deregulation of hematopoietic transcription factors. Phosphoserine phosphatase (PSPH), a key enzyme in serine biosynthesis, displayed elevated transcription and translation and was one of the proteins showing the strongest upregulation in RPL10 R98S cells. Increased Psph protein levels were confirmed in RPL10 R98S engineered JURKAT cells and in hematopoietic cell cultures derived from Rpl10 R98S knock-in mice. Moreover, elevated serine and glycine biosynthesis in RPL10 R98S cells was supported by metabolic flux analyses. Analysis of PSPH expression levels in T-ALL patient samples revealed that PSPH upregulation is a generalized phenomenon in this disease, associated with elevated circulating serine and glycine levels. Addition of serine and glycine enhanced survival of stromal and myeloid cells, suggesting supportive effects on the hematopoietic niche. Finally, reduction of PSPH expression levels in T-ALL cell lines suppressed their in vitro proliferation and their capacity to expand in T-ALL xenograft models. In conclusion, transcriptome, translatome and proteome analysis of the RPL10 R98S mutation identified RPL10 R98S driven induction of cellular serine biosynthesis. Whereas serine metabolism has been implicated in cancer via PHGDH amplification, this is the first report supporting dependence of ALL cells on the serine biosynthesis enzyme PSPH. Overall design: 3 biological replicates for each condition (RPL10 R98S, RPL10 WT)
Translatome analysis reveals altered serine and glycine metabolism in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesDNA methylation is a dynamic epigenetic modification that plays a key role in various cellular processes. Proteins that bind to DNA depending on its methylation status are thought to play an important role in DNA methylation-mediated gene expression. Using a variety of genomics and proteomics approaches, we identified ZBTB2 as a novel reader of unmethylated DNA. ZBTB2, which forms a complex with ZBTB25 and ZNF639, preferentially binds at CpG island promoters in mouse embryonic stem cells, from where it regulates genes that are involved in the exit from pluripotency. Binding of ZBTB2 to target genes is mostly associated with gene activation. Furthermore, ZBTB2 is intricately interwoven with DNA methylation, as we found not only that its binding to DNA is methylation-sensitive, but also that ZBTB2 regulates the turnover of methylated DNA. Summarising, we propose that ZBTB2 is a DNA methylation-sensitive transcription factor that is involved in cellular differentiation. Overall design: RNA-seq samples of wildtype ESCs and Zbtb2 KO ESCs
ZBTB2 reads unmethylated CpG island promoters and regulates embryonic stem cell differentiation.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesExpression of the EMT-inducing transcription factor Snail is enhanced in different human cancers. To investigate the in vivo role of Snail during progression of epithelial cancer, we used a mouse model with skin-specific overexpression of Snail. Snail transgenic mice spontaneously developed distinct histological subtypes of skin cancer, such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and sebaceous gland carcinoma. Development of sebaceous gland carcinomas strongly correlated with the direct and complete repression of Blimp-1, a central regulator of sebocyte homeostasis. Snail expression in keratinocyte stem cells significantly promotes their proliferation associated with an activated FoxM1 gene expression signature, resulting in a larger pool of Mts24-marked progenitor cells. Furthermore, primary keratinocytes expressing Snail showed increased survival and strong resistance to genotoxic stress. Snail expression in a skin-specific p53-null background resulted in accelerated formation of spontaneous tumours and enhanced metastasis. Our data demonstrate that in vivo expression of Snail results in de novo epithelial carcinogenesis by allowing enhanced survival, expansion of the cancer stem cell pool with accumulated DNA damage, a block in terminal differentiation and increased proliferation rates of tumour-initiating cells.
Epidermal Snail expression drives skin cancer initiation and progression through enhanced cytoprotection, epidermal stem/progenitor cell expansion and enhanced metastatic potential.
Sex, Age, Specimen part
View SamplesDiclofenac is a widely used analgesic drug that can cause serious adverse drug reactions. We used Saccharomyces cerevisiae as model eukaryote to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of diclofenac toxicity and resistance. Although most yeast cells died during initial diclofenac treatment, some survived and started growing again. Microarray analysis of the adapted cells identified three major processes involved in diclofenac detoxification and tolerance. Especially pleiotropic drug resistance genes and genes under control of Rlm1p, a transcription factor in the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway, were upregulated in diclofenac-adapted cells. Genes involved in ribosome biogenesis and rRNA processing were downregulated, as well as zinc-responsive genes.
Involvement of the pleiotropic drug resistance response, protein kinase C signaling, and altered zinc homeostasis in resistance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to diclofenac.
Treatment
View SamplesThe goal of this study is to compare genes expressed by IFN-gamma treated HTR-8/SVneo cells to genes expressed in untreated control HTR-8/SVneo cells to identify genes which play a role during IFN-gamma-mediated HTR-8/SVneo cells invasion Overall design: cDNA libraries were made from total RNA of untreated control and 24 h IFN-gamma treated samples by TruSeq RNA Library Prep Kit v2. Deep sequencing of cDNA libraries were performed with the help of Illumina Genome Analyzer IIx. Raw sequence data was imported into the CLC Genomics Workbench 6.5.1. software. The sequence reads were trimmed for adapter sequences and low quality base. The trimmed raw sequences were subjected to mRNA-sequence analysis, by mapping them to Human Genome GRCH37.p.13 .
BST2 regulates interferon gamma-dependent decrease in invasion of HTR-8/SVneo cells via STAT1 and AKT signaling pathways and expression of E-cadherin.
Specimen part, Treatment, Subject
View SamplesTo search for rapid changes in gene expression following BCR activation, we performed DNA microarray analysis of activated splenic B cells with and without anti-IgM treatment for 3 hour. The expression of a remarkably large set of genes differed significantly.
Initiation of antigen receptor-dependent differentiation into plasma cells by calmodulin inhibition of E2A.
Age, Specimen part
View SamplesIn this study, we confirmed that transformed dedifferentiated astrocytes and neurons acquired a stem/progenitor cell state, although they still retained gene expression memory from their parental cell-type. Transcriptional network analysis on transformed cells revealed up-regulation of genes involved in three signaling pathways: Wnt signaling, cell cycle and focal adhesion with the gene Spp1, also known as osteopontin (OPN) serving as a key node connecting these three pathways. Inhibition of OPN blocked the formation of aggregated neurospheres, affected the proliferative capacity of transformed cell-types and reduced the expression levels of neural stem cell markers. Specific inhibition of OPN in murine glioma tumors prolonged mice survival. We conclude that OPN is an important player in dedifferentiation of cells during tumor formation, hence its inhibition can be a therapeutic target for glioblastoma. Overall design: Cortical neurons and astrocytes were derived from 11 days old SynapsinI-Cre and GFAP-Cre mice, respectively. The cells were cultured in their respective media to maintain their identity. These cells were then transduced with HRas-shp53 lentivirus with a transduction efficiency of >90%. The transduced neurons and astrocytes were later switched to neural stem cell media devoid of serum and supplemented with FGF-2 (NSC media). Within one week, these cells became proliferative and aggregated to form free-floating neurospheres. These cells, hereinafter referred to as NSynR53 and AGR53, respectively, were later harvested and mRNA collected for sequencing library generation using DP-seq. To assess the regression of these cells to an undifferentiated state along the differentiation axis, enriched populations of mESC and NSC were also grown in vitro and mRNA obtained from these cells were subjected to sequencing library preparation.
Identification of therapeutic targets for glioblastoma by network analysis.
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