HESC-H9 and iPSC lines 3.5, 3.6 and 3.12 were analyzed using Affymetrix microarray before and after Definitive Endoderm (DE) formation. DE was induced using the ActivinA differentiation protocol described by D'Amour et al., 2006 (PMID: 16258519) Clustering analysis of transcripts that were differentially regulated during DE formation indicated that iPSC lines 3.5 and 3.12 differentiate in manner that is highly similar to HESC-H9 cells iPSC line 3.6 had a more divergent transcriptional profile.
Directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into intestinal tissue in vitro.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesMuscle biopsies taken from vastus lateralis muscle of 15 men and 15 women after 3 days of standardized diet and activity to examine effects of sex and age
Sex-related differences in gene expression in human skeletal muscle.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesRNA from vastus lateralis of healthy young (21-31 year old) and older (62-77 year old) men. Signal data normalized to mean intensity of 500 over all probes sets. Analysis done with Affymetrix Microarray Suite 5.0 software.
Computational method for reducing variance with Affymetrix microarrays.
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View SamplesExostosin 1 (Ext1) is a glycosyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of the extracellular matrix Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan (HSPG). Knockdown of Ext1 caused gastrulation defects and formation of an abnormal body axis. Since ext1 has been implicated as an indirect contributor to multiple signaling pathways in vertebrate development, microarray was used to identify genes expressed in gastrulae that would be affected by a reduction in ext1 expression. Microarray-based comparisons of gene expression in control vs. Ext1 MO embryos showed that Ext1 is involved in regulating genes that are related to metabolic process, development and signaling pathways. Half of the hits from the microarray are uncharacterized genes. Approximately forty-five percent of genes are related to metabolic process and thirty percent of genes are belonged to signaling and developmental process categories. Ten percent of each up-regulated and down-regulated gene set is predicted to function in establishment of localization by GO, which is consistent with EXT1 being involved in the movement of extracellular substances. The transcription factors or signaling protein, Isl1, Pitx2, TBX5A, Wnt5A, Wnt7A, WT1, Pax3, Wnt1, and Xbra were identified as Ext1 regulated genes. This analysis investigating the role of Ext1 during gastrulation and provide the information that EXT1 plays an important role in Xenopus early development. Exostosin 1 (EXT1) is a glycosyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of the extracellular matrix Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan (HSPG). Knockdown of EXT1 caused gastrulation defects and formation of an abnormal body axis. Since ext1 has been implicated as an indirect contributor to multiple signaling pathways in vertebrate development, microarray was used to identify genes expressed in gastrulae that would be affected by a reduction in ext1 expression. Microarray-based comparisons of gene expression in control vs. EXT1 MO embryos showed that EXT1 is involved in regulating genes that are related to metabolic process, development and signaling pathways. Half of the hits from the microarray are uncharacterized genes. Approximately forty-five percent of genes are related to metabolic process and thirty percent of genes are belonged to signaling and developmental process categories. Ten percent of each up-regulated and down-regulated gene set is predicted to function in establishment of localization by GO, which is consistent with EXT1 being involved in the movement of extracellular substances. The transcription factors or signaling protein, Isl1, Pitx2, TBX5A, Wnt5A, Wnt7A, WT1, Pax3, Wnt1, and Xbra were identified as EXT1 regulated genes. This analysis investigating the role of EXT1 during gastrulation and provide the information that EXT1 plays an important role in Xenopus early development.
Zygotic expression of Exostosin1 (Ext1) is required for BMP signaling and establishment of dorsal-ventral pattern in Xenopus.
Treatment
View SamplesWe have generated a transgenic rat model with postnatal pathology. In order to investigate the potential contribution of changes in kidney gene expression to the pathology, we have conducted microarray-based gene expression profiling of postnatal kidney.
A novel long-range enhancer regulates postnatal expression of Zeb2: implications for Mowat-Wilson syndrome phenotypes.
Age, Specimen part, Time
View SamplesRNA from 5 mice with postdevelopmental knockout of myostatin and 5 mice with normal myostatin expression was analyzed with comprehensive oligonucleotide microarrays. Myostatin depletion affected the expression of several hundred genes at nominal P < 0.01, but fewer than a hundred effects were statistically significant according to a more stringent criterion (false discovery rate < 5%). Most of the effects were less than 1.5-fold in magnitude. In contrast to previously-reported effects of constitutive myostatin knockout, postdevelopmental knockout did not downregulate expression of genes encoding slow isoforms of contractile proteins or genes encoding proteins involved in energy metabolism. Several collagen genes were expressed at lower levels in the myostatin-deficient muscles, and this led to reduced tissue collagen levels as reflected by hydroxyproline content. Myostatin knockout tended to down-regulate the expression of sets of genes with promoter motifs for Smad3, Smad4, myogenin, NF-B, serum response factor, and numerous other transcription factors. Main conclusions: in mature muscle, myostatin is a key transcriptional regulator of collagen genes, but not genes encoding contractile proteins or genes encoding proteins involved in energy metabolism.
Skeletal muscle gene expression after myostatin knockout in mature mice.
Sex, Age, Specimen part
View SamplesMuscle biopsies taken from vastus lateralis muscle of 30 normal subjects and 19 FSHD subjects (see PubMed ID 17151338)
Expression profile of FSHD supports a link between retinal vasculopathy and muscular dystrophy.
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View SamplesHepatocytes are polarized epithelial cells whose function depends upon their ability to distinguish between the apical and basolateral surfaces that are located at intercellular tight junctions. It has been proposed that the signaling cascades that originate at these junctions influence cellular activity by controlling gene expression in the cell nucleus. To assess the validity of this proposal with regard to hepatocytes, we depleted expression of the tight junction protein junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) in the HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Reduction of JAM-A resulted in a striking change in cell morphology, with cells forming single-layered sheets instead of the normal multi-layered clusters. In the absence of JAM-A, other tight junction proteins were mislocalized, and canaliculi, which form the apical face of the hepatocyte, were consequently absent. While most changes in gene expression were modest, there was a strong transcriptional induction of the adherens junction protein E-cadherin in cells with reduced levels of JAM-A. This increase in E-cadherin was partially responsible for the observed alterations in cell morphology and mislocalization of tight junction proteins. We therefore propose that we have uncovered a novel mechanism for crosstalk between specific components of tight and adherens junctions that can be utilized to regulate adhesion between hepatic cells and to maintain hepatocyte cell polarity.
Junctional adhesion molecule-A is critical for the formation of pseudocanaliculi and modulates E-cadherin expression in hepatic cells.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesMembers of the tristetraprolin (TTP) family of CCCH tandem zinc finger proteins can bind directly to AU-rich elements in mRNAs and promote transcript deadenylation and decay. The yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe expresses a single TTP family member, Zfs1p, that has been linked to the mating response pathway and septum formation. We showed previously that Zfs1p can bind to and promote the destabilization of AU-rich element-containing transcripts. In this study, we identified additional target transcripts by comparing transcript levels in wild type and zfs1 mutant yeast, using deep sequencing and microarray approaches. We also used direct RNA sequencing to determine the locations of the polyA tails in both wild type and mutant strains, and to confirm the presence of potential Zfs1p target sequences within the mRNA. These studies identified a set of transcripts containing potential Zfs1p binding sites that accumulated significantly in the zfs1 mutants; a subset of these turned over more slowly in the zfs1 mutant strain, and bound directly to Zfs1p in co-immunoprecipitations. One apparent direct target encodes the transcription factor Cbf12p, which is known to increase cell-cell adhesion and flocculation when over-expressed. Studies of zfs1 and cbf12 double mutants demonstrated that the increased flocculation seen in zfs1 mutants is due, at least in part, to a direct effect on the turnover of cbf12 mRNA, leading in turn to changes in the levels of its transcriptionally regulated genes. These data suggest that Zfs1p can both directly and indirectly regulate the levels of transcripts involved in cell-cell adhesion in this species.
Posttranscriptional regulation of cell-cell interaction protein-encoding transcripts by Zfs1p in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
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View SamplesChronic inflammation leading to pro-inflammatory macrophage infiltration contributes to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and subsequently the development of diabetic nephropathy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess unique immunomodulatory and cytoprotective properties making them an ideal candidate for therapeutic intervention
Human mesenchymal stem cells alter the gene profile of monocytes from patients with Type 2 diabetes and end-stage renal disease.
Sex, Age, Specimen part, Disease
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