The gain of Protocadherin LKC (PCDH24) expression in colon carcinoma cell line HCT116 has been shown to induce contact inhibition, thereby completely abolishing tumor formation in vivo. To clarify the molecular mechanism, we performed DNA microarray analysis and compared gene-expression pattern between control and PCDH24-expressing HCT116 cells. Approximately 2000 genes were apparently changed their expression. Further proteomics analysis using 2-DE/MS confirmed the dramatic changes and provided additional information. We were aware that these changes are quite similar to the changes observed in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), most drastic changes in development and cancer metastasis. We thus further analyzed these changes using specific antibodies, and found distinct difference between these two phenomena. Among the differences, nuclear translocation of catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1) was inhibited by PCDH24-expression, subsequently some of the downstream nodes were suppressed. Although contact inhibition and cancer metastasis are completely opposite aspect of the cells, we expect that the identified differences will be key nodes to understand the relationship. We also expect that the nodes will be a target to modulate tumors arising stem cell transplantation (SCT), as well as a therapeutic target for cancer metastasis.
PCDH24-induced contact inhibition involves downregulation of beta-catenin signaling.
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View SamplesWe obtained full transcriptome data from single cortical neurons after whole-cell patch-clamp recording (termed “Patch-seq”). By applying “Patch-seq” to cortical neurons, we reveal a close link between biophysical membrane properties and genes coding for neurotransmitter receptors and channels, including well-established and hitherto undescribed subtypes. Overall design: RNA sequencing was performed on a total of 83 individual cells
Integration of electrophysiological recordings with single-cell RNA-seq data identifies neuronal subtypes.
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View SamplesTotal RNA was extracted using TRI® Reagent (Sigma). cDNA was synthesized by RevertAid™ First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit with Oligo dT primers (K1622, Fermentas) following manufacturer’s recommendations. PCR reactions were carried out on a DNAEngine® Thermal Cycler (PTC-0200G, Bio-Rad) in 25 µl reaction volume containing 1 µl cDNA, 200 nM primer pairs and components of TaKaRa Taq™ kit (R001A, Takara). All samples were analyzed in triplicate RT-qPCR.mRNAs were extracted using biotinylated poly(dT) oligo, followed by further removing of contaminated rRNA using RiboMinus Transcriptome Isolation Kit (K1550-02, Invitrogen). Then mRNAs were fragmented into 100-200nt length and subjected to immunoprecipitation with m6A specific antibody.The libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2000 (Illumina) in single-read mode, creating reads with a length of 101 bp. Sequencing chemistry v2 (Illumina) was used and samples were multiplexed in two samples per lane. Overall design: discovery of the binding motif of m6a in normal, FTO deficient and five stages of adipogensis (D-2/0/2/5/10) in Mouse embryo ?broblast 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes
FTO-dependent demethylation of N6-methyladenosine regulates mRNA splicing and is required for adipogenesis.
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View SamplesRNA was isolated from control and FTO,METTL3 deficient mouse 3T3-L1 cells using the TRIzol (Invitrogen) reagent by following the company manual.Total RNA was isolated from transiently transfected cells with TRI® Reagent (Sigma). mRNA was extracted using biotinylated poly(dT) oligo, followed by further removing of contaminated rRNA using RiboMinus Transcriptome Isolation Kit (K1550-02, Invitrogen). mRNA quality was analyzed by NanoDrop. Approximately 2.5 µg of total RNA was then used for library preparation using a TruSeq™ RNA Sample Prep Kit v2 (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.The libraries were sequenced using HiSeq2000 (Illumina) in single-read mode, creating reads with a length of 101 bp. Sequencing chemistry v2 (Illumina) was used and samples were multiplexed in two samples per lane. Overall design: Examination of gene expressive levels in normal and FTO, METTL3 deficient mouse 3T3-L1 cells
FTO-dependent demethylation of N6-methyladenosine regulates mRNA splicing and is required for adipogenesis.
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View SamplesIn order to identify biologically relevant tumor markers , we analyzed gene expression profiling of tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissues from PDAC cases. We compared the microarray gene-expression profiles of MIF-high and MIF low expressing tumors as detrmined by qRT-PCR. Affymetrix gene-expression analysis was done in two sets. Affymetrix data from sample number 1-90 were earlier submited by us as GEO accession#: GSE28735. The batch effect between the two sets of data was removed using Partek Genomic Suite and this normalized data was submitted to GEO in this submission. All the analysis was performed using the merged data set.
A Novel MIF Signaling Pathway Drives the Malignant Character of Pancreatic Cancer by Targeting NR3C2.
Specimen part
View SamplesThe purpose of this study was to determine the gene expression patterns of the colon of GPR41 KO and GPR43 KO mice in response to ETOH treatment
Short-chain fatty acids activate GPR41 and GPR43 on intestinal epithelial cells to promote inflammatory responses in mice.
Specimen part
View SamplesAcquisition of the lower jaw (mandible) was evolutionarily important for jawed vertebrates. In humans, syndromic craniofacial malformations often accompany jaw anomalies. Hand2 is involved in coordinating the developmental network of mandibles and the oral apparatus through Hand2-downstream genes and is therefore a major determinant of jaw identity.
Specification of jaw identity by the Hand2 transcription factor.
Specimen part
View SamplesSympathetic neurons of SCG (Superior Cervical Ganglia) send axonal projections either along the external carotid arteries to innervate the salivary glands, or along the internal carotid arteries to the lacrimal and pineal glands, the eye, blood vessels and skin of the head, and the mucosa of the oral and nasal cavities. Previous studies using Wnt1Cre and R26R have defined the neural crest and mesodermal origins of vascular smooth muscle in the heart outflow tract and great vessels, although not specifically of the segments that are relevant for the projections of the SCG neurons. The third pharyngeal arch arteries are lined by neural crest-derived smooth muscle, and consequently, their derivatives, including the entirety of the external carotid arteries and only the base of the internal carotid arteries, also have a neural crest origin. In contrast, the dorsal aortae are lined by smooth muscle that is mesodermal in origin, and as a result, the internal carotid arteries from just above their origination from the common carotid arteries have a mesoderm-derived smooth muscle layer. To address the possibility that guidance cues for SCG neurons are selectively expressed by the external carotid vs. the internal carotid arteries, we isolated these segments of the vasculature from mouse embryos at E13.5 and extracted RNA to screen microarrays for differentially expressed genes.
Endothelins are vascular-derived axonal guidance cues for developing sympathetic neurons.
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View SamplesFind the casual relationship between gene expression network and cellular phenotype at single cell resolution. We collected donated human pre-implatation embryos, and the embryonic stem cells derived from them, isolate individual cells, prepared single cell cDNAs, and sequenced them by HiSeq2000. Then we analyzed the expression of known RefSeq genes. Overall design: We get transcriptome of 124 individual cells from human pre-implantation embryos and human embryonic stem cells by applying single cell RNA-seq technique we recently developed[1][2][3][4]. We did in-depth bioinformatic analysis to these data and found very dynamic expression of protein-coding genes. [1] Tang, F. et al. (2010a) Tracing the Derivation of Embryonic Stem Cells from the Inner Cell Mass by Single-Cell RNA-Seq Analysis. Cell Stem Cell 6, 468-478. [2] Tang, F. et al. (2010b) RNA-Seq analysis to capture the transcriptome landscape of a single cell. Nat Protocols 5, 516-535. [3] Tang, F. et al. (2009) mRNA-Seq whole-transcriptome analysis of a single cell. Nat Meth 6, 377-382. [4] Tang, F. et al. (2011) Development and applications of single-cell transcriptome analysis. Nat Meth 8, S6-S11.
Single-cell RNA-Seq profiling of human preimplantation embryos and embryonic stem cells.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesSnail is a transcriptional repressor, which induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition. However, overall functions of Snail remain to be elucidated. This microarray was performed to investigate the influence of Snail expression on mRNA transcription levels in a lung adenocarcinoma cell line, II-18.
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition abolishes the susceptibility of polarized epithelial cell lines to measles virus.
Cell line
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