In many forms of retinal degenerative diseases in human, microglia relocate to and accumulate in the subretinal space. However, the roles of microglia in retinal degeneration are poorly understood. By leveraging single cell RNA-seq, we identified a distinct microglia subtype in the subretinal space. These microglia underwent transcriptional reprogramming characterized by reduced expression of homeostatic checkpoint genes and upregulation of injury-responsive genes. Importantly, this transition is associated with protection of the retinal pigment epithelium from damage caused by disease. Therefore, our data demonstrated microglial heterogeneity in retinal degeneration and may provide important implications for developing new strategies to prevent loss of vision. Overall design: Transcriptional profiling of Cx3cr1+ single cells from the mouse model of light-induced retinal degeneration with matched control, generated from single cell RNA-sequencing of over 10,000 cells.
Microglial Function Is Distinct in Different Anatomical Locations during Retinal Homeostasis and Degeneration.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View Samplesob/ob mice is an obese mice. CIDE family proteins including Cidea, Cideb and Cidec play important role in lipid metabolism. Cidea is mainly expressed in the brown adipose tissue (BAT). Cidec is mainly expressed in the BAT and white adipose tissue (WAT). We generated ob/ob/Cidea-/-/Cidec-/- mice to investigate the phenotype of fat tissue. ob/ob/Cidea-/-/Cidec-/- mice are lean when compared with ob/ob mice. The tissue weight and TAG content of BAT and WAT was extreamly decreased in ob/ob/Cidea-/-/Cidec-/- mice compared with that in ob/ob mice.
Coordination Among Lipid Droplets, Peroxisomes, and Mitochondria Regulates Energy Expenditure Through the CIDE-ATGL-PPARĪ± Pathway in Adipocytes.
Sex, Age, Specimen part
View SamplesHematopoietic cells arise from spatiotemporally restricted domains in the developing embryo. Although studies of non-mammalian animal and in vitro embryonic stem cell models suggest a close relationship among cardiac, endocardial, and hematopoietic lineages, it remains unknown whether the mammalian heart tube serves as a hemogenic organ akin to the dorsal aorta. Here, we examined the hemogenic activity of the developing endocardium. Mouse heart explants generated myeloid and erythroid colonies in the absence of circulation. Hemogenic activity arose from a subset of endocardial cells in the outflow cushion and atria earlier than in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region, and was transient and definitive in nature. Interestingly, key cardiac transcription factors, Nkx2-5 and Isl1, were expressed in and required for the hemogenic activity of the endocardium. Together, these data suggest that a subset of endocardial and yolk sac endothelial cells expressing cardiac markers serve as a de novo source for transient definitive hematopoietic progenitors.
Haemogenic endocardium contributes to transient definitive haematopoiesis.
Specimen part
View SamplesBrains are sexually dimorphic in adult zebrafish. We dissected brains from young and old, adult zebrafish, from both males and females.
Gene expression changes in aging zebrafish (Danio rerio) brains are sexually dimorphic.
Specimen part
View SamplesThe purpose of this study was to identify genes in keratinocytes and fibroblasts in human skin equivalents that changed expression in response to the burrowing of live scabies mites.
Sarcoptes scabiei mites modulate gene expression in human skin equivalents.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesAortic valve regurgitation (AR) imposes a severe volume overload to the left ventricle (LV) which results in dilation, eccentric hypertrophy and eventually loss of function. Little is known about the impact of AR on LV gene expression. We therefore conducted a gene expression profiling study in the LV of male Wistar rats with chronic (9 months) and severe AR.
Multiple short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases are regulated in pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
Sex
View SamplesUsing Affymetrix microarray technology we analyzed the gene expression profiles of the most important pathological categories of bladder cancer in order to detect potential marker genes. Applying an unsupervised cluster algorithm we observed clear differences between tumor and control samples, as well as between superficial and muscle invasive tumors. According to cluster results, the T1 high grade tumor type presented a global genetic profile which could not be distinguished from invasive cases. We described a new measure to classify differentially expressed genes and we compared it against the B-rank statistic as a standard method. According to this new classification method, the biological functions overrepresented in top differentially expressed genes when comparing tumor versus control samples were associated with growth, differentiation, immune system response, communication, cellular matrix and enzyme regulation. Comparing superficial versus invasive samples, the most important overrepresented biological category was growth and, specifically, DNA synthesis and mitotic cytoskeleton. On the other hand, some under expressed genes have been clearly related to muscular tissue contamination in control samples. Finally, we demonstrated that a pool strategy could be a good option to detect the best differentially expressed genes between two compared conditions.
DNA microarray expression profiling of bladder cancer allows identification of noninvasive diagnostic markers.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesWe used microarrays to expression profile peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from LGL leukemia patients and control subjects to identify survival pathways that render leukemic LGL resistant to activation induced cell death.
Molecular profiling of LGL leukemia reveals role of sphingolipid signaling in survival of cytotoxic lymphocytes.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesWe profiled genome-wide gene expression of human prostate benign and malignant tissue to identify potential biomarkers and immunotherapy targets.
Identification of the transcription factor single-minded homologue 2 as a potential biomarker and immunotherapy target in prostate cancer.
Specimen part
View SamplesIn this dataset, we report the gene expression of adjacent Gleason 3 and Gleason 4 foci microdissected from the same prostate cancer sample.
Gleason Score 7 Prostate Cancers Emerge through Branched Evolution of Clonal Gleason Pattern 3 and 4.
No sample metadata fields
View Samples