FNDC4 is a novel secreted factor sharing high homology with the exercise-associated myokine irisin (FNDC5). Here we report that Fndc4 is robustly upregulated in various mouse models of inflammation as well as in human inflammatory conditions. Specifically, subjects with inflammatory bowel disease show increased FNDC4 levels locally at inflamed sites of the intestine. Interestingly, administration of recombinant FNDC4 during colitis development in mice resulted in markedly reduced disease severity compared to mice injected with a control protein. Conversely, mice that lacked Fndc4 showed increased colitis severity. Analysis of binding of FNDC4 to different immune cell types revealed strong and specific binding to macrophages and monocytes. FNDC4 treatment of bone marrow-derived macrophages in vitro resulted in reduced phagocytosis, improved survival and reduced pro-inflammatory chemokine expression. Hence, treatment with FNDC4 resulted in a state of dampened macrophage activity, while enhancing their survival. Thus, we have characterized a novel factor with direct therapeutic potential in inflammatory bowel disease and possibly other inflammatory diseases.
FNDC4 acts as an anti-inflammatory factor on macrophages and improves colitis in mice.
Sex, Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesmiR-222 overexpression leads to promotion of proliferation and hypertrophy and inhibition of apoptosis in in primary neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVMs).
miR-222 is necessary for exercise-induced cardiac growth and protects against pathological cardiac remodeling.
Specimen part
View SamplesSorting U2OS and HeLa cells genetically modified with the Fucci System allowed us to separate cells according to cell cycle progression followed by RNA Sequencing to characterize the oscillating transcriptome in cells without the need for chemical synchronization. Overall design: HeLa cells were sorted at three timepoints, while U2OS cells were sorted at two timepoints. Each time into three groups, categorized as "G1", "S", and "G2".
Comparative cell cycle transcriptomics reveals synchronization of developmental transcription factor networks in cancer cells.
Cell line, Subject
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Inflammatory Type 2 cDCs Acquire Features of cDC1s and Macrophages to Orchestrate Immunity to Respiratory Virus Infection.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesThe phenotypic and functional dichotomy between IRF8+ type 1 and IRF4+ type 2 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1-cDC2) is well accepted; it is unknown how robust this dichotomy is under inflammatory conditions, when additionally monocyte-derived cells (MCs) become competent antigen presenting cells (APC). Using single-cell technologies in models of respiratory viral infection, we found that lung cDC2s acquired expression of Fc receptor CD64 shared with MCs, and of IRF8 shared with cDC1s. These inflammatory (Inf-)cDC2s were superior in inducing CD4+ T helper (Th) cell polarization while simultaneously presenting antigen to CD8+ T cells. When carefully separated from inf-cDC2s, MCs lacked APC function. Inf-cDC2 matured in response to cell-intrinsic toll-like receptor and type 1 interferon receptor signaling, upregulated an IRF8-dependent maturation module and acquired antigens via convalescent serum and Fc receptors. Since hybrid inf-cDC2s are easily confused with monocyte-derived cells, their existence could explain why APC functions have been attributed to MCs.
Inflammatory Type 2 cDCs Acquire Features of cDC1s and Macrophages to Orchestrate Immunity to Respiratory Virus Infection.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesBrown fat generates heat via the mitochondrial uncoupling protein UCP1, defending against hypothermia and obesity. Recent data suggest that there are two distinct types of brown fat: classical brown fat derived from a myf-5 cellular lineage and UCP1-positive cells that emerge in white fat from a non-myf-5 lineage. Here, we report the isolation of beige cells from murine white fat depots.
Beige adipocytes are a distinct type of thermogenic fat cell in mouse and human.
Cell line
View SamplesComparing gene expression profile in 3T3-F442A adipocytes with shRNA against TRPV4 or GFP. TRPV4 is an ion channel expressed in adipocytes. Results provided information that how loss-of-function of TRPV4 affects gene expression in adipocytes.
TRPV4 is a regulator of adipose oxidative metabolism, inflammation, and energy homeostasis.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesThe miR-17-92 microRNA cluster is often activated in cancer cells, but the identity of its targets remains largely elusive. Here we examined the effects of activation of the entire miR-17-92 cluster on global protein expression in neuroblastoma cells.
The miR-17-92 microRNA cluster regulates multiple components of the TGF-β pathway in neuroblastoma.
Specimen part
View SamplesExpression profiling of cultured HL-1 cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia for 8 hours.
The VLDL receptor promotes lipotoxicity and increases mortality in mice following an acute myocardial infarction.
Cell line
View SamplesTime-point expression analysis of fractures calluses at 1, 3, and 5 days post-fracture in young and old BALB/c mice.
Identification of novel gene expression in healing fracture callus tissue by DNA microarray.
Age, Specimen part
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