Huntingtons disease (HD) is a dominantly inherited genetic disease caused by mutant huntingtin (htt) protein with expanded polyglutamine tracts. A neuropathological hallmark of HD is the presence of neuronal inclusions of mutant htt. p62 is an important regulatory protein in selective autophagy, a process by which aggregated proteins are degraded, and it is associated with several neurodegenerative disorders including HD. Here we investigated the effect of p62 depletion in three HD model mice: R6/2, HD190QG and HD120QG mice. We found that loss of p62 in these models led to longer lifespans and reduced nuclear inclusions, although cytoplasmic inclusions increased with polyglutamine length. In mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with or without p62, mutant htt with a nuclear localization signal (NLS) showed no difference in nuclear inclusion between the two MEF types. In the case of mutant htt without NLS, however, p62 depletion increased cytoplasmic inclusions. Furthermore, to examine the effect of impaired autophagy in HD model mice, we crossed R6/2 mice with Atg5 conditional knockout mice. These mice also showed decreased nuclear inclusions and increased cytoplasmic inclusions, similar to HD mice lacking p62. These data suggest that the genetic ablation of p62 in HD model mice enhances cytoplasmic inclusion formation by interrupting autophagic clearance of polyQ inclusions. This reduces polyQ nuclear influx and paradoxically ameliorates disease phenotypes by decreasing toxic nuclear inclusions.
Depletion of p62 reduces nuclear inclusions and paradoxically ameliorates disease phenotypes in Huntington's model mice.
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View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
CFC1 is a cancer stemness-regulating factor in neuroblastoma.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesTo clarify mineralcorticoid receptor and glucocorticoid receptor-dependent gene networks in decidualizing human endometrial stromal cells.
Induction of 11β-HSD 1 and activation of distinct mineralocorticoid receptor- and glucocorticoid receptor-dependent gene networks in decidualizing human endometrial stromal cells.
Sex, Age, Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesGerminal center (GC) B cells cycle between two states, the light zone (LZ) and the dark zone (DZ), and in the latter they proliferate and hypermutate their immunoglobulin genes. How this functional transition takes place is still controversial. In this study, we demonstrate that ablation of Foxo1 after GC development led to the loss of the DZ GC B cells and disruption of the GC architecture. Mechanistically, even upon provision of adequate T cell help, Foxo1-deficient GC B cells showed less proliferative expansion than controls. Moreover, we found that the transcription factor BATF was transiently induced in LZ GC B cells in a Foxo1-dependent manner and that deletion of BATF similarly led to GC disruption. Thus, our results are consistent with a model where the switch from the LZ to the DZ is triggered after receipt of T cell help, and suggest that Foxo1-mediated BATF up-regulation is at least partly involved in this switch. Overall design: mRNA profiles of wild-type DZ, LZ, and Foxo1-deficient GC B cells were generated by deep sequencing in triplicate, using Illumina HiSeq 1500.
The transcription factor Foxo1 controls germinal center B cell proliferation in response to T cell help.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesDecoy receptor 3 (DcR3), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily, competitively binds and inhibits members of the TNF family, including Fas ligand (FasL), LIGHT, and TL1A. DcR3 was recently reported not only to act as a decoy receptor for these TNFRs but also to play a role as a ligand for the pathogenesis of RA.
Decoy receptor 3 regulates the expression of various genes in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts.
Specimen part, Race
View SamplesWe devised a novel improved RNA extraction method, and performed total RNA-seq to determine the effect of improved RNA extraction. Overall design: Examination of total RNAs that were derived from the same cell/TRI Reagent solution, split into two and extracted by either a conventional or improved RNA extraction method. Hokkaido System Science, Co.
Unusual semi-extractability as a hallmark of nuclear body-associated architectural noncoding RNAs.
Subject
View SamplesGlobal gene expression profiling of the avian B-lymphoma DT40 cell line was used as a model to differentiate among Btk KO and Btk KO cells reconstituted with human Btk. Differences in the gene expression pattern showed statistically significant changes between parental DT40 and all the Btk KO cell populations irrespective of whether they are reconstituted or not. These results imply that in the process of generating a knockout cell line, subclones are selected, which have multiple changes in their gene expression pattern (p<0.01).
Expression profiling of chicken DT40 lymphoma cells indicates clonal selection of knockout and gene reconstituted cells.
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View SamplesWe found that a number of Tfh cells downmodulated BCL6 protein after their development, and we sought to compare the gene expression between BCL6-hi Tfh cells and BCL6-low Tfh cells.
Bcl6 protein expression shapes pre-germinal center B cell dynamics and follicular helper T cell heterogeneity.
Specimen part
View SamplesOverall goal: To identify genes that will cause non-fusogenic fibroblasts to become fusogenic. Purpose of analysis: To generate transcriptional profile of non-fusogenic fibroblasts, using 10T1/2 fibroblasts transduced with empty retrovirus as model. Experimental structure: The profile generated from the RNAseq analysis would be compared with transcriptional profile of MyoD-expressing fibroblasts (GEO DataSet GSE34907) to identify genes regulating fusion in muscle cells. Overall design: RNAseq analysis of total RNA from 10T1/2 fibroblasts transduced with retrovirus carrying empty pBabe-X retroviral vector was carried out to generate a transcriptional profile of a model of non-fusogenic fibroblasts.
Myomerger induces fusion of non-fusogenic cells and is required for skeletal muscle development.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesGene expression data from mouse organs after hydroxypropyl--cyclodextrin injection
Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin spikes local inflammation that induces Th2 cell and T follicular helper cell responses to the coadministered antigen.
Sex, Specimen part
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