Reports that low-intensity microwave radiation can induce heat-shock reporter gene expression in the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, have recently been reinterpreted as a subtle thermal effect caused by very slight heating. This study used a microwave exposure system (1.0 GHz, 0.5 W power input; SAR 0.9-3 mW kg-1 for 6-well plates) that minimises the temperature differential between sham and exposed conditions to 0.1C. Comparable measurement and simulation studies of SAR distribution within this exposure system are presented. We compared 5 Affymetrix gene-arrays of pooled triplicate RNA populations from sham-exposed L4/adult worms against 5 gene-arrays of pooled RNA from microwave-exposed worms (taken from the same source population in each run). Few genes showed consistent expression changes across all 5 comparisons, and all such expression changes appeared modest after applying standard normalisation procedures ( 30% up- or down-regulated). The number of statistically significant differences in gene expression (846) was less than the false-positive rate expected by chance (1131). As one example, an apparent up-regulation of the vit-3 vitellogenin gene by microwave exposure was not mirrored by similar changes affecting the other co-regulated members of the same vit gene family. We conclude that the pattern of gene expression in L4/adult C elegans is not substantially perturbed by low-intensity microwave radiation, and that the minor changes observed in this study may well be explicable as false positives. As a check on the sensitivity of the Affymetrix gene-arrays used, we also compared RNA samples from N2 worms subjected to a sub-heat-shock treatment (28C) against controls kept at 26 C (but using only 2 gene arrays per condition). After similar normalisation, many more genes (3712) showed substantial expression changes (i.e. > 2-fold at p < 0.05), including a group of six heat-shock genes which were strongly but unexpectedly down-regulated (by > 10-fold). However, further replication and confirmation by real-time RT-PCR would be needed to establish how many of these changes might also be false positives.
Low-intensity microwave irradiation does not substantially alter gene expression in late larval and adult Caenorhabditis elegans.
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View SamplesEicosapentaenoic acid in its free fatty acid form (EPA-FFA), 2g daily, is safe and well-tolerated in patients undergoing liver resection surgery for colorectal liver metastasis.Oral EPA incorporates into colorectal liver metastasis tissue. EPA-FFA treatment is associated with reduced vascularity of liver metastases in -3 PUFA-nave patients. Preoperative (median 30 days) EPA-FFA treatment may have prolonged benefit on postoperative overall and disease-free survival.
Anticolorectal cancer activity of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesWe applied in parallel RNA-Seq and Ribosome-profiling analyses to immortalized human primary BJ fibroblast cells under the following conditions: normal proliferation, quiescence (induced by serum depletion), senescence (induced by activation of the oncogenic RASG12V gene, and examined at early (5 days; pre-senescent state) and late (14 days; fully senescent state) time points), and neoplastic transformation (induced by RASG12V in the background of stable p53 and p16INK4A knockdowns and SV40 small-T expression. Overall design: RNA-seq, using Illumina HiSeq 2000, was applied to BJ cells under 5 conditions: proliferation, quiescence, pre-senescence, full-senescence, and transfomed. Ribosome profiling, using Illumina HiSeq 2000, was applied to BJ cells under 5 conditions: proliferation, quiescence, pre-senescence, full-senescence, and transfomed.
p53 induces transcriptional and translational programs to suppress cell proliferation and growth.
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View SamplesWe applied in parallel RNA-Seq and Ribosome-profiling analyses to immortalized human primary BJ fibroblast cells in which p53 was induced by Nutlin-3a Overall design: RNA-seq, using Illumina HiSeq 2000, was applied to BJ cells treated with Nutlin-3a, at 5 timepoints: 0, 2, 4, 6, 19 hrs Ribosome profiling was applied to BJ cells treated with Nutlin-3a, at 5 timepoints: 0, 2, 4, 6, 19 hrs
p53 induces transcriptional and translational programs to suppress cell proliferation and growth.
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View SamplesWe used RNA-seq and Ribo-seq analyses to examine the effect of CPT treatment of translation efficiency (TE) Overall design: We measured expression levels (RNA.seq) and ribosome densities (ribo-seq) using biological duplicates of control and CPT-treated (5 hrs) MCF7 cells
Transcription Impacts the Efficiency of mRNA Translation via Co-transcriptional N6-adenosine Methylation.
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View SamplesWe used RNA-seq and Ribo-seq analyses to examine translation efficiency (TE) in PC9 and H1933 cells Overall design: We measured expression levels (RNA.seq) and ribosome densities (ribo-seq) in PC9 and H1933 cell lines
Transcription Impacts the Efficiency of mRNA Translation via Co-transcriptional N6-adenosine Methylation.
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View SamplesWe used RNA-seq and Ribo-seq analyses to examine the effect of Nutlin3a (activator of p53) treatment of translation efficiency (TE) Overall design: We measured expression levels (RNA.seq) and ribosome densities (ribo-seq) in control and Nutlin3a-treated (20 hrs) MCF7 cells
Transcription Impacts the Efficiency of mRNA Translation via Co-transcriptional N6-adenosine Methylation.
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View SamplesGene Expression profiling of the Arabidopsis thaliana MAP Kinase Kinases 1 (mkk1), MAP Kinase Kinases 2 (mkk2) knockout mutants and the double mutant mkk1/mkk2 before and 24 hours after treatment with the salicylic acid analog BTH, was measured by hybridisation to an Affymetrix ATH1 GeneChip.
Arabidopsis mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases MKK1 and MKK2 have overlapping functions in defense signaling mediated by MEKK1, MPK4, and MKS1.
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View SamplesWe used Ribo-seq to examine the effect of Myc activation on protein translation in U2OS cells and correalted these changes with alterations in RNA level measured by RNA-seq on tye same conditions. We also examined these effects in the presence of Torin-1, an inhibitor of mTOR Overall design: We measure ribosome occupancy profiles in U2OS cells containing an inducible Myc expression vector that were induced or mock-treated in duplicates for 36 hours. In addition, we repeated the experiments in the presence of Torin-1, an inhibitor of mTOR.
Myc coordinates transcription and translation to enhance transformation and suppress invasiveness.
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View SamplesWe used RNA-seq to examine the effect of Myc activation on U2OS cells transcriptome. We also examined these effects in the presence of Torin-1, an inhibitor of mTOR Overall design: We measure gene expression profiles in U2OS cells containing an inducible Myc expression vector that were induced or mock-treated in duplicates for 36 hours. In addition, we repeated the experiments in the presence of Torin-1, an inhibitor of mTOR.
Myc coordinates transcription and translation to enhance transformation and suppress invasiveness.
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