Gene expression of T47D-MTVL human breast cancer cells expressing Dox-inducible shRNAs against histone H1.4 (120sh) or multiple H1 variants (225sh) Overall design: Stable breast cancer-derived cell lines expressing an shRNA against one of each of the histone H1 isoforms in response to doxycycline (Dox) were grown for six days in the presence or absence of Doxicycline, RNA extracted and high-thorughput sequenced. Cell lines used: inducible shRNA against H1.4 or multiple H1 variants and random shRNA-expression vector.
Histone H1 depletion triggers an interferon response in cancer cells via activation of heterochromatic repeats.
Cell line, Subject
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ERα-dependent E2F transcription can mediate resistance to estrogen deprivation in human breast cancer.
Specimen part, Cell line, Treatment
View SamplesA significant fraction of breast cancers exhibit de novo or acquired resistance to estrogen deprivation. To model resistance to aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy, long-term estrogen-deprived (LTED) derivatives of MCF-7 and HCC-1428 cells were generated through culture for 3 and 7 months under hormone-depleted conditions, respectively. These LTED cells showed sensitivity to the ER downregulator fulvestrant under hormone-depleted conditions, suggesting continued dependence upon ER signaling for hormone-independent growth. To evaluate the role of ER in hormone-independent growth, LTED cells were treated +/- 1 uM fulvestrant x 48 h before RNA was harvested for gene expression analysis.
ERα-dependent E2F transcription can mediate resistance to estrogen deprivation in human breast cancer.
Specimen part, Cell line, Treatment
View SamplesRNA from circulating blood reticulocytes was utilized to provide a robust description of genes transcribed at the final stages of erythroblast maturation. After depletion of leukocytes and platelets, Affymetrix HG-U133Plus 2.0 arrays were hybridized with probe from total RNA isolated from blood sampled from 6 umbilical cords and 6 healthy adult humans.
Let-7 microRNAs are developmentally regulated in circulating human erythroid cells.
Specimen part
View SamplesHyperactivation of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) promotes escape from hormone dependence in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.
Hyperactivation of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase promotes escape from hormone dependence in estrogen receptor-positive human breast cancer.
Specimen part, Cell line
View SamplesMultiple sclerosis involves an aberrant autoimmune response and progressive failure of remyelination in the central nervous system. Prevention of neural degeneration and subsequent disability requires remyelination through the generation of new oligodendrocytes, but current treatments exclusively target the immune system. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells are stem cells in the central nervous system and the principal source of myelinating oligodendrocytes. These cells are abundant in demyelinated regions of patients with multiple sclerosis, yet fail to differentiate, thereby representing a cellular target for pharmacological intervention. To discover therapeutic compounds for enhancing myelination from endogenous oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, we screened a library of bioactive small molecules on mouse pluripotent epiblast stem-cell-derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Here we show seven drugs function at nanomolar doses selectively to enhance the generation of mature oligodendrocytes from progenitor cells in vitro. Two drugs, miconazole and clobetasol, are effective in promoting precocious myelination in organotypic cerebellar slice cultures, and in vivo in early postnatal mouse pups. Systemic delivery of each of the two drugs significantly increases the number of new oligodendrocytes and enhances remyelination in a lysolecithin-induced mouse model of focal demyelination. Administering each of the two drugs at the peak of disease in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model of chronic progressive multiple sclerosis results in striking reversal of disease severity. Immune response assays show that miconazole functions directly as a remyelinating drug with no effect on the immune system, whereas clobetasol is a potent immunosuppressant as well as a remyelinating agent. Mechanistic studies show that miconazole and clobetasol function in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells through mitogen-activated protein kinase and glucocorticoid receptor signalling, respectively. Furthermore, both drugs enhance the generation of human oligodendrocytes from human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in vitro. Collectively, our results provide a rationale for testing miconazole and clobetasol, or structurally modified derivatives, to enhance remyelination in patients. Overall design: RNA sequencing of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells treated with vehicle, miconazole or clobetasol for 0, 2, 6, or 12 hours. Cells were plated 1.5 hours prior to addition of drug.
Drug-based modulation of endogenous stem cells promotes functional remyelination in vivo.
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View SamplesA significant fraction of breast cancers exhibit de novo or acquired resistance to estrogen deprivation.
A kinome-wide screen identifies the insulin/IGF-I receptor pathway as a mechanism of escape from hormone dependence in breast cancer.
Cell line, Treatment
View SamplesMutations in PROP1 are the most common cause of hypopituitarism in humans; therefore, unraveling its mechanism of action is highly relevant from a therapeutic perspective. Our current understanding of the role of PROP1 in the pituitary gland is limited to the regulation of pituitary transcription factors Hesx1 and Pit1. To elucidate the comprehensive PROP1-dependent gene regulatory network, we conducted genome wide analysis of PROP1 DNA binding and effects on gene expression in mutant tissues, isolated stem cells and engineered cell lines. We determined that PROP1 is essential for maintaining proliferation of stem cells and stimulating them to undergo an epithelial to mesenchymal transition-like process necessary for cell migration and differentiation. Genomic profiling reveals that PROP1 binds to and represses claudin 23, characteristic of epithelial cells, and it activates EMT inducer genes: Zeb2, Notch2 and Gli2. Our findings identify PROP1 as a central transcriptional component of pituitary stem cell differentiation. Overall design: Pituitary Colony forming cells mRNA of 13-day old wild type (Prop1 +/+), Prop1 mutants (Prop1df/df), wild type (Pit1+/+) and Pit1 mutants (Pit1 dw/dw) mice were generated by deep sequencing, in triplicates.
PROP1 triggers epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like process in pituitary stem cells.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesIn Caenorhabditis elegans, the six proteins that make up the REF-1 family are HES homologs that act in both Notch dependent and Notch-independent pathways to regulate embryonic events. To further our understanding of how the REF-1 family works to coordinate post-embryonic cellular events, we performed transcriptome analysis of HLH-25 and HLH-29 mutant strains.
Genome-wide microarrray analysis reveals roles for the REF-1 family member HLH-29 in ferritin synthesis and peroxide stress response.
Sex, Specimen part
View SamplesTranslating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) was performed on spinal cord dissections pooled from 3-4 mice 21 days post birth that were positive for the eGFP-L10A fusion ribosomal marker protein under the expression of either the Chat promoter (Tg(Chat-EGFP/Rpl10a)DW167Htz) or the Snap25 promoter (Tg(Snap25-EGFP/Rpl10a)JD362Jdd). RNA-sequencing was performed on both TRAP and pre-immunoprecipitation (PreIP) control RNA samples. Overall design: Three replicates of PreIP and TRAP for two transgenic lines.
MicroRNA Profiling Reveals Marker of Motor Neuron Disease in ALS Models.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
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